From the Biological ESTEEM collection
ESTEEM Category
Genetics
Description
The purpose of this Excel workbook is to compare several methods for calculating allele frequencies for ABO blood groups. The methods used are the standard textbook approach, the quadratic formula, and the EM algorithm. The user enters the observed numbers of each phenotype. The workbook then uses these to calculate estimates of allele frequencies in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for each method. The user can view the formulas used to calculate frequencies through informational buttons. Four forms of graphical output are used to compare each method. Output includes histograms of chi-square values and observed vs. expected phenotype frequencies, as well as a ternary plot of the allele frequencies for each method. Users can also examine a dataset of blood group frequencies for different ethnic groups from Bloodbook.com.
Go to ABO Blood Group Frequencies module in a new window
From the Biological ESTEEM collection
ESTEEM Category
Genetics
Description
The purpose of this Excel workbook is to compare several methods for calculating allele frequencies for ABO blood groups. The methods used are the standard textbook approach, the quadratic formula, and the EM algorithm. The user enters the observed numbers of each phenotype. The workbook then uses these to calculate estimates of allele frequencies in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for each method. The user can view the formulas used to calculate frequencies through informational buttons. Four forms of graphical output are used to compare each method. Output includes histograms of chi-square values and observed vs. expected phenotype frequencies, as well as a ternary plot of the allele frequencies for each method. Users can also examine a dataset of blood group frequencies for different ethnic groups from Bloodbook.com.
Go to ABO Blood Group Frequencies module in a new window
Primary
Hardy, G. H., 1908 Mendelian proportions in a mixed population. Science 28:49-50.
Boyer, S H, IV, 1963 Papers on Human Genetics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Weinberg, W., 1908 Über den Nachweis der Vererbung beim Menschen. Jahresh. Wuertt. Ver. vaterl. Natkd. 64:369-382.
Popular text citations
Snustad D P, Simmons M J (2003) Principles of Genetics. 3rd Edition. New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Crow J F (1986) Basic Concepts in Population, Quantitative, and Evolutionary Genetics. New York : W. H. Freeman and Company.
Li C C (1955) Population Genetics. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
Current Research Articles
Hosking L, Lumsden S, Lewis K, Yeo A, McCarthy L, Bansal A, Riley J, Purvis I, Xu CF, 2004 Detection of genotyping errors by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium testing. European Journal of Human Genetics 12: 395-9.
Wellek S, 2004 Tests for establishing compatibility of an observed genotype distribution with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in the case of a biallelic locus. Biometrics 60: 694-703.
Wittke-Thompson JK, Pluzhnikov A, Cox NJ, 2005 Rational inferences about departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. American Journal of Genetics 76: 967-86.
Education Research & Pedagogical Materials
Genes, Environment, and Human Behavior. Biological Sciences Curriculum Study
Data Sources
Racial & Ethnic Distribution of ABO Blood Types by BLOODBOOK.COM
Tutorial & Background materials
ABO Allele Frequencies by Robert J. Huskey