Tables of Mathematical Symbols

The tables on this page give information about common mathematical symbols:

The entity name is the name of the symbol used in HTML markup. An entity name always begins with & and ends with ;.
The browser rendering shows your browser's rendering of the symbol, so if you see an empty box, then your browser does not render the symbol. The set of symbols correctly rendered depends on the browser, platform, installed fonts and other issues.
The image is a GIF image of the symbol, with a transparent background, that you can use instead of markup. Of course, if you use a graphic, you should give the name of the symbol in the alt attribute.

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All symbol images

Lower Case	Upper Case
Entity Name	Browser Rendering	Image	Entity Name	Browser Rendering	Image
α	`α`	$alpha$	Α	`Α`	$Alpha$
β	`β`	$beta$	Β	`Β`	$Beta$
χ	`χ`	$chi$	Χ	`Χ`	$Chi$
δ	`δ`	$delta$	Δ	`Δ`	$Delta$
ε	`ε`	$epsilon$	Ε	`Ε`	$epsilon$
γ	`γ`	$gamma$	Γ	`Γ`	$Gamma$
η	`η`	$eta$	Η	`Η`	$Eta$
ι	`ι`	$iota$	Ι	`Ι`	$Iota.gif$
κ	`κ`	$kappa$	Κ	`Κ`	$Kappa.gif$
λ	`λ`	$lambda$	Λ	`Λ`	$Lambda.gif$
μ	`μ`	$mu$	Μ	`Μ`	$Mu.gif$
ν	`ν`	$nu$	Ν	`Ν`	$Nu.gif$
ο	`ο`	$omicron$	Ο	`Ο`	$Omicron.gif$
φ	`φ`	$phi$	Φ	`Φ`	$Phi.gif$
π	`π`	$pi$	Π	`Π`	$Pi.gif$
ψ	`ψ`	$psi$	Ψ	`Ψ`	$Psi.gif$
ρ	`ρ`	$rho$	Ρ	`Ρ`	$Rho.gif$
σ	`σ`	$sigma$	Σ	`Σ`	$Sigma.gif$
τ	`τ`	$tau$	Τ	`Τ`	$Tau.gif$
θ	`θ`	$theta$	Θ	`Θ`	$Theta.gif$
υ	`υ`	$upsilon$	Υ	`Υ`	$Upsilon.gif$
ω	`ω`	$omega$	Ω	`Ω`	$Omega.gif$
ξ	`ξ`	$xi$	Ξ	`Ξ`	$Xi.gif$
ζ	`ζ`	$zeta$	Ζ	`Ζ`	$Zeta.gif$

Lower Case

Upper Case

Entity Name

Browser Rendering

Image

Entity Name

Browser Rendering

Image

α

$alpha$

Α

$Alpha$

β

$beta$

Β

$Beta$

χ

$chi$

Χ

$Chi$

δ

$delta$

Δ

$Delta$

ε

$epsilon$

Ε

$epsilon$

γ

$gamma$

Γ

$Gamma$

η

$eta$

Η

$Eta$

ι

$iota$

Ι

$Iota.gif$

κ

$kappa$

Κ

$Kappa.gif$

λ

$lambda$

Λ

$Lambda.gif$

μ

$mu$

Μ

$Mu.gif$

ν

$nu$

Ν

$Nu.gif$

ο

$omicron$

Ο

$Omicron.gif$

φ

$phi$

Φ

$Phi.gif$

π

$pi$

Π

$Pi.gif$

ψ

$psi$

Ψ

$Psi.gif$

ρ

$rho$

Ρ

$Rho.gif$

σ

$sigma$

Σ

$Sigma.gif$

τ

$tau$

Τ

$Tau.gif$

θ

$theta$

Θ

$Theta.gif$

υ

$upsilon$

Υ

$Upsilon.gif$

ω

$omega$

Ω

$Omega.gif$

ξ

$xi$

Ξ

$Xi.gif$

ζ

$zeta$

Ζ

$Zeta.gif$

Entity Name	Browser Rendering	Image
<	<	$lt.gif$
≤	≤	$le.gif$
>	>	$gt.gif$
≥	≥	$ge.gif$
≠	≠	$ne.gif$
&equiv;	≡	$equiv.gif$
&sim;	∼	$sim.gif$
&prop;	∝	$prop.gif$
&perp;	⊥	$perp.gif$
&cong;	≅
≈	≈

Entity Name

Browser Rendering

Image

$lt.gif$

≤

$le.gif$

$gt.gif$

≥

$ge.gif$

≠

$ne.gif$

&equiv;

≡

$equiv.gif$

&sim;

∼

$sim.gif$

&prop;

∝

$prop.gif$

&perp;

⊥

$perp.gif$

&cong;

≅

≈

Entity Name	Browser Rendering	Image
−	−	$minus.gif$
±	±	$plusmn.gif$
×	×	$times.gif$
÷	÷	$divide.gif$
&frasl;	⁄	$fraction$
&oplus;	⊕	$oplus.gif$
&otimes;	⊗	$otimes.gif$
&lowast;	∗
·	·	$middot.gif$
√	√
∑	∑
∏	∏

Entity Name

Browser Rendering

Image

−

$minus.gif$

$plusmn.gif$

$times.gif$

$divide.gif$

&frasl;

⁄

$fraction$

&oplus;

⊕

$oplus.gif$

&otimes;

⊗

$otimes.gif$

&lowast;

∗

$middot.gif$

√

∑

∏

Entity Name	Browser Rendering	Image
∈	∈	$isin.gif$
∉	∉	$notin.gif$
&ni;	∋	$ni.gif$
∅	∅	$empty.gif$
⊂	⊂	$sub.gif$
&sube;	⊆	$sube.gif$
⊃	⊃	$sup.gif$
&supe;	⊇	$supe.gif$
&nsub;	⊄
∪	∪	$cup.gif$
∩	∩	$cap.gif$

Entity Name

Browser Rendering

Image

∈

$isin.gif$