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Mathematical Treasures - Francesco Ghaligai's Pratica d'Arithmetica

Author(s): 
Frank J. Swetz and Victor J. Katz

 

Ghaliga Title Page

This is the title page of the 1552 edition of the Pratica d'Arithmetica of Francesco Ghaligai (d. 1536). The book was originally published in 1521, but this printing, like several other printings, is identical with the original. Its intended audience was merchants, so there are many practical problems dealing with issues of trade. In the sections on algebra, Ghaligai introduces his own notation.

Notation

On pages 71 and 72, Ghaligai proposes a new notation for powers of the unknown. Notice on the left hand page that his notation for the second power (censo) is just a square, but the other notations never caught on with other authors. On the right hand page, Ghaligai illustrates the notation by calculating the powers of 2 up to the fifteenth power.

problem

This page illustrates a typical algebra problem and makes some use of the "square" notation for censo.

Index to Mathematical Treasures

Frank J. Swetz and Victor J. Katz, "Mathematical Treasures - Francesco Ghaligai's Pratica d'Arithmetica," Convergence (January 2011)

Mathematical Treasures from the Smith and Plimpton Collections at Columbia University