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Problems from Another Time

Individual problems from throughout mathematics history, as well as articles that include problem sets for students.

In a forest, a number of apes equal in number to the square of 1/8 of the total number of apes are noisy. The remaining 12 apes are on a nearby hill irritated. What is the total number of apes in the pack?
The perimeters of two similar triangles are 45 and 135 respectively. One side of the first triangle has length 11″ and a second side, 19″. Find the lengths of the sides of the second triangle.
Suppose General [George] Washington had 800 men and was supplied with provisions to last 2 months but he needed to feed his army for 7 months.
Find the area of the elliptical segment cut off parallel to the shorter axis;
A number of 3 digits in base 7 has the same three digits...
Show that the curves x2 - y2 = a2 and 2 xy = b2 cross at right angles.
If two Post-boys, A and B at 59 miles distance from one another, set out in the morning in order to meet...
Two men have a certain amount of money. The first says to the second, "If you give me 5 denari, I will have 7 times what you have left."
The square of a certain number multiplied by itself and by 200 is 446,976. What is the number?
In order to encourage his son in the study of arithmetic, a father agrees to pay him 8 pennies for every problem solved correctly and to charge him 5 pennies for each incorrect solution.

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