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Problems from Another Time

Individual problems from throughout mathematics history, as well as articles that include problem sets for students.

How high above the earth must a person be raised that he [or she] may see 1/3 of its surface?
Two men start walking at the same time and travel a distance. One is walking faster and completes the journey sooner. How fast did each man travel?
The purchase price for an apple and an orange is 100 yen. When n oranges and n + 3 apples are bought the price is 520 yen. Find the number n of oranges and the price of one orange.
Having been given the perimeter and perpendicular of a right angled triangle, it is required to find the triangle.
There is a log of precious wood 18 feet long whose bases are 5 feet and 2.5 feet in circumference. Into what lengths should the log be cut to trisect its volume?
A merchant gave a university 2,814 ducats on the understanding that he was to be paid back 618 ducats per year for 9 years, at the end of which the 2,814 ducats should be considered as paid.
Determine the dimensions of the least isosceles triangle ACD that can circumscribe a given circle.
In a square box that contains 1000 marbles, how many will it take to reach across the bottom of the box in a straight row?
It is required to determine whether 30 horses can be put into 7 stalls; so that in every stall there may be, either a single horse, or an odd number of horses.
One says that 10 garments were purchased by two men at a price of 72 dirhams. The garments varied in value. The price of each garment of one man is 3 dirhams more than the price for each garment of the other. How many garments did each man buy?

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