Perhaps one of the deepest entrenched calculus problem is the canonical box problem that students encounter when discussing applied extrema problems. In fact, Friedlander and Wilker (1980) commented, ''This question must be answered nearly a million times a year by calculus students from every corner of the globe'' (p. 282). Without a doubt, almost every recently published calculus text contains a problem similar to the following:
A sheet of cardboard is rectangular, 14 inches long and 8.5 inches wide. Congruent squares are to be cut from its four corners. The resulting piece of cardboard is to be folded and its edges taped to form an open-topped box (see figure below). How should this be done to get a box of largest possible volume?
Figure 1: Canonical Box Problem
In particular, this problem (or some derivative of it) occurs in a classic text such as Thomas (1953), Granville and Smith (1911) and Todhunter (1855) as well as modern texts such as Stewart (2008), Larson, Hostetler and Edwards (2007) and Smith and Minton (2007). But, what about this problem makes it so common and prevalent to the calculus experience? This module allows you to take a closer look at this common box problem and then presents a better box problem more consistent with modern box building techniques.
So, if you really enjoy this original box problem, an applet, called OpenBox, has been developed for this problem. For this applet, the yellow points are moveable and control the size of the sheet of cardboard and the position of the cut. A dynamical graphic contained in a grey box shows the graph of the Volume to cut length (x) function. In addition, a dynamical picture of the open box is provided to illustrate how the changes in cut length impacts the configuration of the open box.
Click Here to open the Open Box Problem applet
Warning: The OpenBox applet is best viewed in 1024 x 768 resolution or greater and may take up to a minute to load.
However in the rest of this module, you will focus on a new box problem, tied much closer to reality. In particular, you will be engaged in exploring this improved box problem and its real-world context along with activities that blend hands-on and applet-based investigations with a strong dose of analysis that culminates in other possible extensions and investigations.
A sheet of cardboard is rectangular, 14 inches long and 8.5 inches wide. If six congruent cuts (denoted in black) are to be made into the cardboard and five folds (denoted by dotted lines) made to adjoin the cuts so that the resulting piece of cardboard is to be folded to form a closeable rectangular box (see figures below). How should this be done to get a box of largest possible volume?
Figure 2: The box problem graphics
Before interacting with the Box problem applets and activities, you should first watch the video of such a box being manufactured and then take a rectangular piece of cardboard and attempt to physically build your own box using scissors and tape or at least find a RSC and dissect it. What did you notice from doing this activity?
Questions to be answered before moving on to the first Box problem applet and activity:
Perhaps one of the deepest entrenched calculus problem is the canonical box problem that students encounter when discussing applied extrema problems. In fact, Friedlander and Wilker (1980) commented, ''This question must be answered nearly a million times a year by calculus students from every corner of the globe'' (p. 282). Without a doubt, almost every recently published calculus text contains a problem similar to the following:
A sheet of cardboard is rectangular, 14 inches long and 8.5 inches wide. Congruent squares are to be cut from its four corners. The resulting piece of cardboard is to be folded and its edges taped to form an open-topped box (see figure below). How should this be done to get a box of largest possible volume?
Figure 1: Canonical Box Problem
In particular, this problem (or some derivative of it) occurs in a classic text such as Thomas (1953), Granville and Smith (1911) and Todhunter (1855) as well as modern texts such as Stewart (2008), Larson, Hostetler and Edwards (2007) and Smith and Minton (2007). But, what about this problem makes it so common and prevalent to the calculus experience? This module allows you to take a closer look at this common box problem and then presents a better box problem more consistent with modern box building techniques.
So, if you really enjoy this original box problem, an applet, called OpenBox, has been developed for this problem. For this applet, the yellow points are moveable and control the size of the sheet of cardboard and the position of the cut. A dynamical graphic contained in a grey box shows the graph of the Volume to cut length (x) function. In addition, a dynamical picture of the open box is provided to illustrate how the changes in cut length impacts the configuration of the open box.
Click Here to open the Open Box Problem applet
Warning: The OpenBox applet is best viewed in 1024 x 768 resolution or greater and may take up to a minute to load.
However in the rest of this module, you will focus on a new box problem, tied much closer to reality. In particular, you will be engaged in exploring this improved box problem and its real-world context along with activities that blend hands-on and applet-based investigations with a strong dose of analysis that culminates in other possible extensions and investigations.
A sheet of cardboard is rectangular, 14 inches long and 8.5 inches wide. If six congruent cuts (denoted in black) are to be made into the cardboard and five folds (denoted by dotted lines) made to adjoin the cuts so that the resulting piece of cardboard is to be folded to form a closeable rectangular box (see figures below). How should this be done to get a box of largest possible volume?
Figure 2: The box problem graphics
Before interacting with the Box problem applets and activities, you should first watch the video of such a box being manufactured and then take a rectangular piece of cardboard and attempt to physically build your own box using scissors and tape or at least find a RSC and dissect it. What did you notice from doing this activity?
Questions to be answered before moving on to the first Box problem applet and activity:
One element in the applets that we have designed are the multiple representations and alternative ways of conveying information. For instance, the applet, ClosedBox, allows you to explore various scenarios. You can manipulate the lengths A and B by just pulling on the yellow points A' and B'. The yellow points P and Q also move. In doing so, the other components of the applet change in accordance with these manipulations. The goal here is for you to interact with a wide variety of examples and see if the conjectures they make hold up to empirical investigation. In addition, you can move the corners of the box, in the lower right-hand corner of the applet, and see if the box will actually close or not, an important aspect if you want the box to hold something. The last elements in this applet are the two different graphical indicators of maximal volume. The one graph shows the volume with respect to P or Q while the other is held constant and the bar graph next to it displays the percentage of maximal volume obtained by the current configuration. If the volume is too large, one can resize the vertical unit, a yellow point denoted by U, to get the graphs comfortably into the grey viewing window.
Click Here to open the first Box Problem applet
Warning: The first Box Problem applet page, entitled ClosedBox, is best viewed in 1024 x 768 resolution or greater and may take up to a minute to load.
You should consider the following questions as you are playing with the applet:
In the following table, carefully record the data from their various trials where the cut position, \( m( \overline {AP}) \) , is set and the cut length, \( m( \overline {BQ}) \) , is changed to maximize the volume for that particular cut position. The last row of each Trial is for you to search for the maximal cut length and the corresponding cut position. The final trial is for an open exploration of a piece of cardboard of the student's choosing.
\( m( \overline {BQ}) \) | \( m( \overline {AP}) \) | \( m( \overline {PM}) \) | \( m( \overline {QQ'}) \) | \( m( \overline {BB'}) \) | \( m( \overline {AA'}) \) | % of max volume | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trial 1.1 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 8.5 | 14.0 | 97.75% |
Trial 1.2 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 8.5 | 14.0 | |||
Trial 1.3 | 4.5 | 2.5 | 8.5 | 14.0 | |||
Trial 1.4 | 8.5 | 14.0 | |||||
Trial 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||
Trial 2.2 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||
Trial 2.3 | 4.25 | 0.75 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||
Trial 2.4 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||||
Trial 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 8.5 | 11.0 | |||
Trial 3.2 | 2.75 | 2.75 | 8.5 | 11.0 | |||
Trial 3.3 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 8.5 | 11.0 | |||
Trial 3.4 | 8.5 | 11.0 | |||||
Trial 4.1 | |||||||
Trial 4.2 | |||||||
Trial 4.3 | |||||||
Trial 4.4 |
Exploring various positions of a cut, should lead you to a conjecture about the position of a cut and the cut length necessary to obtain the maximum volume.
Answer the following questions:
At first glance, this applet, ClosedBox2, contains many of the same components as the first Box Problem applet; however, the cut length determines the positioning of the cut so that in each case the box volume is relatively maximized.
Click Here to open the second Box Problem applet
Warning: The second Box Problem applet page, entitled ClosedBox2, is best viewed in 1024 x 768 resolution or greater and may take up to a minute to load.
In this applet there are a variety of elements that can be seen. First, the point P is no longer adjustable but is rather determined by the length of the cut defined by the segment BQ. In addition, the grey box in the lower left-hand of the applet contains a dynamic graphical depiction of the functional relationship between cut length and volume. That is, it contains a graphical depiction of
\[ V(l) = \left( {B - 2l} \right)\left( {{1 \over 2}A - 2l} \right)\left( {2l} \right) \]
where l corresponds to \( m( \overline {BQ} ) \) and when you intially open the applets, B = 8.5 and A = 14.0. The formula above should be equivalent to the formula you found in response to question #18.
Pick particular values for the length and width of the piece of cardboard, i.e. A and B, and then investigate the graph of the function on a hand-held graphing calculator. After doing so, answer the following questions:
So far, these questions have focused primarily on a static rectangular sheet of cardboard. Now, you really need to think and explore to answer the following questions: