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Estimating the Area of Virginia - Using Left Rectangles

Author(s): 
Julie Clark, Caren Diefenderfer, Steve Hammer, and Trish Hammer,

1.  Getting Started

Click the button at the right to open a MAPLE worksheet entitled leftstudent.mws.  If you are given a choice, you should save the file to your preferred directory, then navigate to that directory and open the file from there.  In the MAPLE worksheet, position your cursor anywhere in the line  [ > restart ;   and press Enter.   Pressing the Enter key executes the MAPLE code on the current line.  Activating the restart MAPLE command will clear all MAPLE variables, and it is important to do this whenever you start a new MAPLE project.    

Now resize your MAPLE and browser windows so that you can see them both, side-by-side. Click in either window to make it the active window. 

Your screen should look something like this: 

2.  Collection of Data

wpe1.gif (11912 bytes)Notice that you need to put the coordinates of points from a live map of Virginia into the MAPLE worksheet.  We will use the Virginia map you saw earlier to find and mark these points.  Click the picture at the right to learn how to get the point coordinates and store your coordinates in the MAPLE worksheet.

3.  Visualization of Data

Now that you have entered your x and y coordinates, you can work through the MAPLE worksheet by pressing the Enter key to execute the MAPLE commands.  (Note:  The MAPLE window must be the active window.)  The first output you see should be a red horizontal line (the southern border of Virginia) and eleven black points (the eleven, evenly spaced boundary points that you determined in section 2).  You should be able to "see" that this line and eleven points give a rough outline of the state of Virginia.  Repeat sections 2 and 3 until you are satisfied that you have obtained a reasonable rough outline of the state of Virginia.

4.  Construction of Approximating Left Rectangles

This section includes the MAPLE commands that construct our left rectangle approximation on each of the ten subintervals. Press the Enter key to execute the block of MAPLE commands.

5.  Visualization of Approximating Left Rectangles

This section begins with a loop of MAPLE code that defines the vertical partition lines and ends with a display of the ten approximating rectangles.  Does the red outline look like Virginia?  Compare your picture with the one at the top of this page. Note that the rectangular regions extend from the northern red boundary of Virginia to the x-axis.  

6.  Area Calculation by Geometric Formula

MAPLE commands in this section use the geometric formula to calculate the area of the rectangles. (Note that each of these rectangles extends to the x-axis.)  This sum includes the area of the red region (the state of Virginia) as well as the area of the rectangular region between the southern boundary of Virginia and the x-axis.  Thus, our left endpoint approximation (in square pixels) must be adjusted.  

7.  Solution

We must now convert square pixels to square miles.  Use the map scale to determine how many pixels are equivalent to 80 miles.  In the MAPLE worksheet, determine the conversion factor from square pixels to square miles and use this factor to determine the rectangular approximation (using 10 subintervals) for the area of Virginia.

8.  Left Endpoint Summary

The image at the top of this page shows the left endpoint approximation superimposed on the map of Virginia.  Use this image to determine whether this approximation using 10 subintervals is an over- or under- approximation.  Explain your reasoning and include your response in the text cell provided in the MAPLE worksheet.  Save your worksheet as left10****.mws. (Replace the **** with your first initial and last name.)


Assignment

The purpose of this assignment is to increase the accuracy of our approximation by using more rectangles.  In this assignment, you will repeat the above process based on the collection of more data points.

Step 1:  Open  your left10****.mws worksheet and save it as left30****.mws.  (You now have two copies of the same worksheet.)   

wpe1.gif (11912 bytes)Step 2:  Use a live map of Virginia to collect 31 evenly spaced points on the northern boundary of Virginia.  Your first point must be (24, 98) and the last point must be (474, 98).  Paste these coordinates into your left30****.mws worksheet.

Step 3:  Repeat sections 3-8 (above) for your new data points by modifying your left30 worksheet.


Julie Clark, Caren Diefenderfer, Steve Hammer, and Trish Hammer,, "Estimating the Area of Virginia - Using Left Rectangles," Convergence (December 2004)