7.2		Probability

An Interesting Penny Game, Keith J. Craswell, 4:1, 1973, 18-25, 7.1
How to Find a Needle in a Haystack, Keith J. Craswell, 4:3, 1973, 18-21
Why Isn't Penny Flipping Fairer?, Keith J. Craswell, 5:3, 1974, 18-19
Oh Craps, Lawrence G. Gilligan and Nelson G. Rich, 5:4, 1974, 42-48, 7.1
The Birthday Problem Revisited, Joe Dan Austin, 7:4, 1976, 39-42
Independence and Intuition, V. N. Murty, 8:2, 1977, 106-107, C
Some New Ways of Solving a Coin Tossing Problem, Nathan Hoffman, 9:1, 1978, 6-10
A Neglected Probability Formula, John Sodano and Arthur Yaspan, 9:3, 1978, 145-147
Another Solution to a Coin-Tossing Problem, V. N. Murty, 10:1, 1979, 33-35, C
A Gambler's Ruin Problem, Ross Honsberger, 10:2, 1979, 108-111
Using Integrals to Evaluate Voting Power, Philip D. Straffin, Jr., 10:3, 1979, 179-191
Pictures, Probability and Paradox, Robert Nelson, 10:3, 1979, 182-190
Coin-Tossing Problem Revisited, Michael W. Chamberlain, 10:5, 1979, 349-350, C
Further Observations on "A Neglected Probability Formula", Konanur G. Janardan, 11:1, 1980, 52-54, C
Snowfalls and Elephants, Pop Bottles and Pi, Ralph Boas, 11:2, 1980, 82-89
Wavefronts, Box Diagrams,  and the Product Rule: A Discovery Approach, John W. Dawson, Jr., 11:2, 1980, 102-106, 5.1.2
Stochastic Independence Versus Intuitive Independence, B. H. Bissinger, 11:2, 1980, 122-123, C
What are the Odds?ÑConstructing Competition Probabilities, Gerald D. Brazier, 11:5, 1980, 290-295
On Dice-Sum Frequencies, V. N. Murty, 12:3, 1981, 209-211, C, 3.2
Binomial Baseball, Eugene M. Levin, 12:4, 1981, 260-266, 9.10
An Optimal Football Strategy, Joseph A. Gallian, 12:5, 1981, 330-331, C
Chain Letters: A Poor Investment Unless..., David J. Thuente, 13:1, 1982, 28-35, 3.1
The Law of Succesion and Bayes' Rule, V. N. Murty and B. H. Bissinger, 13:1, 1982, 44-51
A Visual Interpretation of Independent Events, M. G. Monzingo, 13:3, 1982, 197-198, C
Probability Solution to a Limit Problem, Homer W. Austin, 13:4, 1982, 272, C, 5.1.1
Dice Tossing and Pascal's Triangle, John D. Neff, 13:5, 1982, 311-314, 7.1
Minimally Favorable Games, Michael W. Chamberlain, 14:2, 1983, 159-164, 9.10
Probabilistic Dependence Between Events, Ruma Falk and Maya Bar-Hillel, 14:3, 1983, 240-243, 9.1
Blackjack with n Decks, Philip G. Buckhiester, 14:4, 1983, 345-346, C, 7.1
Antisubmarine Warfare: Passive vs. Active Sonar, L. Whitt and K. Wilk, 14:5, 1983, 434-435, C
The Distribution of First Digits, Stephen H. Friedberg, 15:2, 1984, 120-125, 9.3
Application of a Generalized Fibonacci Sequence, Curtis Cooper, 15:2, 1984, 145-146, C, 5.4.1
The Dice ProblemÑThen and Now, Janet Bellcourt Pomeranz, 15:3, 1984, 229-237

Probabilistic Repeating Among Some Irrationals, Robert Schmidt and Robert Lacher, 15:4, 1984, 330-332, C, 9.3
A Monte Carlo Simulation Related to the St. Petersburg Paradox, Allan J. Ceasar, 15:4, 1984, 339-342, 5.4.2, 9.10
On the Probability that the Better Team Wins the World Series, James L. Kepner, 16:4, 1985, 250-256, 3.2
Teaching Elementary Probability Through its History, Sharon Kunoff and Sylvia Pines, 17:3, 1986, 210-219, 2.2
An Extension of the Birthday Problem to Exactly k Matches, Robert L. Hocking and Neil C. Schwertman, 17:4, 1986, 315-321
A Geometric Interpretation of Simpson's Paradox, A. Tan, 17:4, 1986, 340-341
Combinatorics by Coin Flippling, Joel Spencer, 17:5, 1986, 407-412, 3.1, 3.2
Cryptology: From Ceasar Ciphers to Public-Key Cryptosystems, Dennis Luciano and Gordon Prichett, 18:1, 1987, 2-17, 0.1, 9.3
Positioning of Emergency Facilities in an Obstructed Traffic Grid, Jeff Cronk and Duff Howell and Keith Saints, 18:1, 1987, 34-43, 9.10
Equalizing a Two-Person Alternation Game, Robert K. Tamaki, 18:2, 1987, 134-135, C, 7.1
Bayes' Theorem, Binomial Probabilities, and Fair Numbers of Peremptory Challenges in Jury Trials, LeRoy A. Franklin, 18:4, 1987, 291-299
The Probability that the "Sum of the Rounds" Equals the "Round of the Sum", Roger B. Nelsen and James E. Schultz, 18:5, 1987, 389-396, 7.3, 9.10
Theory, Simulation and Reality, Peter Flusser, 19:3, 1988, 210-222, 7.3, 9.10
Random Walks on Z, Robert I. Jewett and Kenneth A. Ross, 19:4, 1988, 330-342, 9.5
Musical Notes, Angela B. Shiflet, 19:4, 1988, 345-347, C, 3.2, 9.2
Maybe the Price Doesn't Have to be Right: Analysis of a Popular TV Game Show, Danny W. Turner and Dean M. Young and Virgil R. Marco, 19:5, 1988, 419-421, C, 7.1
FFF #13. Where the Grass is Greener, Ed Barbeau, 21:1, 1990, 35, F (also 22:4, 1993, 308-309 and 24:2, 1993, 152)
FFF #14. How to Make a Million, Ed Barbeau, 21:1, 1990, 35, F (also 22:4, 1991, 310)
Chaotic Mappings and Probability Distribtions, Paul C. Matthews and Steven H. Strogatz, 22:1, 1991, 45-47, 6.3
FFF. Marilyn's Problem, Prisoner's Paradox, Two Children, and Three Cards, Ed Barbeau, 22:4, 1991, 308, F, 7.1 (also 24:2, 1993, 149-154)
FFF. Lewis Carroll, Ed Barbeau, 23:4, 1992, 305, F
The Problem of the Car and Goats, Ed Barbeau, 24:2, 1993, 149-154, F (also 29:2, 1998, 136, F)
On Laplace's Extension of the Buffon Needle Problem, Barry J. Arnow, 25:1, 1994, 40-43, C, 5.7.2
FFF. The Paradox of the Nontransitive Dice, Richard P. Savage, Jr., 26:1, 1995, 38, F
FFF. An Update on Probability Problems References, Ed Barbeau, 26:2, 1995, 132-133, F (see also 27:1, 1996, 46)
Pair Them Up! A Visual Approach to the Chung-Feller Theorem, David Callan, 26:3, 1995, 196-198
FFF #100. Getting Black Balls, Ed Barbeau, 27:2, 1996, 117, F (see also 27:3, 1996, 205)
FFF #104. Three Coins in the Fountain, Francis Galton, 27:3, 1996, 204, F
Capturing the Origin with Random Points: Generalizations of a Putnam Problem, Raph Howard and Paul Sisson, 27:3, 1996, 186-192, 9.7
The Game of Dreidel Made Fair, Felicia Moss Trachtenberg, 27:4, 1996, 278-281
FFF #109. Your Lucky Number is in Pi, Ed Barbeau, 27:5, 1996, 370, F
A Nod to Bertrand Russell, Anthony Lo Bello, 28:2, 1997, 133, C
The Average Distance Between Points in Geometric Figures, Steven R. Dunbar, 28:3, 1997, 187-197, 9.10
Tying Up Loose Ends with Probability, Cathy Liebars, 28:5, 1997, 386-388, C
Singles in a Sequence of Coin Tosses, David M. Bloom, 29:2, 1998, 120-127
FFF #128. A Full House, Eric Chandler, 29:2, 1998, 134-135, F
FFF #129. Meeting in a Knockout Tournament, Ed Barbeau, 29:2, 1998, 135-136, F
The Mathematics of Cootie, Min Deng and Mary T. Whalen, 29:3, 1998, 222-224, C
How Much Money Do You (or Your Parents) Need for Retirement?, James W. Daniel, 29:4, 1998, 278-283, 0.8
The Probability of Passing a Multiple-Choice Test, Milton P. Eisner, 29:5, 1998, 421-426, 9.10
Relabeling Dice, Randall J. Swift and Brian C. Fowler, 30:3, 1999, 204-208
Casino Gambling: The Ultimate Strategy, Dennis Connolly, 30:4, 1999, 276-278
Do Most Cubic Graphs Have Two Turning Points?, Robert Fakler, 30:5, 1999, 367-369, 0.7, 5.2.6
A Rational Solution to Cootie, Arthur Benjamin and Matthew Fluet, 31:2, 2000, 124-125, C, 3.2
More on Cootie, Michael Hirschhorn, 31:2, 2000, 126-128, C, 3.2
Runs With No Winner in a Lottery, Richard Iltis, 31:5, 2000, 356-361, 7.1
FFF #164. A wrong route to a right answer, Yongzhi Yang, 31:5, 2000, 395-396, F
FFF #171. Chance of meeting, the editor, 32:1, 2001, 49-50, F
Perfecting the Analog of a Deck of Cards or Why Evolution CanÕt Be Left to Chance, J. G. Simmonds, 33:1, 2002, 17-20, 9.10
A Tale of Two Series, Thomas J. Osler and Marcus Wright, 33:2, 2002, 99-106, 5.4.2
The Undying Novena, Christopher M. Rump, 33:2, 2002, 140-142, C
Sums of Uniformly Distributed Variables: A Combinatorial Approach, Jeanne Albert, 33:3, 2002, 201-206, 3.2
A New Look at the Probabilities in Bingo, David B. Agard and Michael W. Shackleford, 33:4, 2002, 301-305, 7.1
Runs in Coin Tossing: Randomness Revealed, Geoffrey C. Berresford, 33:5, 2002, 391-394
Miscellanea: A Ballot Count Surprise, N. S. Mendelsohn, 33:5, 2002, 431-432, C, 3.3
ParrondoÕs Paradox Ð Hope for Losers!, Darrell P. Minor, 34:1, 2003, 15-20, 4.1
Tossing a Fair Coin, Leonard Lipkin, 34:2, 2003, 128-133
Coin ToGa: A Coin-Tossing Game, Osvaldo Marrero and Paul C. Pasles, 34:3, 2003, 183-193, 9.3
FFF. Random obtuse-angled triangles, Ruma Falk, 34:3, 2003, 226, F
Dice Distributions Using Combinatorics, Recursion, and Generating Functions, Janet M. McShane and Michael I. Ratliff, 34:5, 2003, 370-376, 3.2
FFF #220. Blind sampling, Jerry M. Stelmaszak, 35:1, 2004, 42, F  (see also James C. Alexander, Raymond N. Greenwall, Stan Lipovetsky, Barthel Wayne Huff, 35:4, 2004, 298-299)
A Tale of Two Tickets, Marc Brodie, 35:3, 2004, 217-220, C
Highway Relativity, C. Bryan Dawson and Troy D. Riggs, 35:4, 2004, 246-250 (see 37:1, 2006, 23)
The Probability that an Amazing Card Trick Is Dull, Christopher Swanson, 36:3, 2005, 209-212, 3.2
A Geometric Series from Tennis, James Sandefur, 36:3, 2005, 224-226, C, 5.4.2
A Birthday Problem Revisited, Eric Malm, Gail Nord, James Colin Hill, John Nord, 37:2, 2006, 125-128, C 
Exhaustive sampling and related binomial identities, Jim Ridenhour and David Grimmett, 37:4, 2006, 296-299, C, 3.2
FFF #257. A certain match, Linda Wagner, 37:5, 2006, 381, F (see also Dale K. Hathaway, 38:5, 2007, 376-377, F)
Maximizing the Probability of a Big Sweepstakes Win, Michael W. Ecker, 38:1, 2007, 32-36
Tennis with Markov, Roman Wong and Megan Zigarovich, 38:1, 2007, 53-55, C, 4.5, 9.9, 9.10
Tennis (and Volleyball) Without Geometric Series, Bruce Jay Collings, 38:1, 2007, 55-57, C, 9.10
BernsteinÕs Examples on Independent Events, Czeslaw Stepniak, 38:2, 2007, 140-142, C
Not Just Hats Anymore: Binomial Inversion and the Problem of Multiple Coincidences, Leith Hathout, 38:3, 2007, 179-184, 3.2
Caps and Robbers: What Can You Expect?, Laura A. Zager and George C. Verghese, 38:3, 2007, 185-191
Mind the Gap, Thomas J. Bannon and Robert E. Bradley, 39:2, 2008, 95-101

Dependent Probability Spaces, William F. Edwards, Ray C. Shiflett, and Harris S. Shultz, 39:3, 2008, 221-226, 9.1
Proof Without Words: MarkovÕs Inequality P[X>=a] <= E(X)/a, Pat Touhey, 39:4, 2008, 290, C