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Out to Pasture

Two men rent a pasture for 100 lire on the understanding that two cows are to be counted as being equivalent to three sheep.  The first puts in 60 cows and 85 sheep; the second 80 cows and 100 sheep.  How much should each pay?

L'Arithmetique, Jean Trenchant, 1571

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"Out to Pasture," Convergence (March 2006)