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Index to Mathematical Treasures
Convergence's "Mathematical Treasures" are images of mathematical objects and of selected pages of mathematical manuscripts and texts from various libraries, museums, and private collections. Click on the name of the document or object to go to the image(s), where more information is provided. The images in this collection are intended for your use in the classroom; for all other purposes, please obtain permission from the library, museum, or holder of the item(s) photographed. Note that the index is alphabetical by surname or single name of the author, if known. Some of the oldest and most interesting documents and objects are those with "Anonymous" authors or creators. Four large collections have their own indices in addition to being included in the general index below:
- The George Arthur Plimpton Collection, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Butler Library, Columbia University Libraries, New York, New York
- The David Eugene Smith Collection, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Butler Library, Columbia University Libraries, New York, New York
- History of Science Collection, Linda Hall Library, Kansas City, Missouri
- National Museum of American History Object Collections, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Our Index of Mathematical Objects, another subset of the general index, is also available if you are looking specifically for mathematical instruments, devices, and other physical items.
Acknowledgements for all of the institutions and individuals who supplied images are provided at the bottom of this page. For an introduction to classroom use of images, see the article, "Pantas’ Cabinet of Mathematical Wonders: Images and the History of Mathematics," by Convergence co-founding editor and "chief treasure hunter," Frank J. Swetz (also available in a Spanish translation). For additional suggestions on teaching mathematics with objects and images of objects, see "Online Museum Collections in the Mathematics Classroom," by Amy Ackerberg-Hastings and Amy Shell-Gellasch.
A - B - C - D - E - F-G-H - I-J-K - L - M-N - O-P-Q - R - S - T-U-V - W-X-Y-Z
| Author | Title | Date |
| Abel, Niels Henrik | Abhandlungen über der Algebraische Auflösung der Gleichungen (3 images) | 1889 (1824–1829 originals) |
| Abel, Niels Henrik | Complete Works (3 images) | 1839 |
| Academy of Sciences (France) | Annual Report (5 images) | 1693 |
| Adelard of Bath | Latin translation of Euclid's Elements (7 images) | 12th-14th centuries |
| Adrain, Robert | Hutton's Course of Mathematics (3rd American ed., 8 images) | 1818 (1st American edition 1812) |
| Agnesi, Maria Gaetana | Instituzioni analitiche (8 images; see also these 7 images) | 1748 |
| Agnesi, Maria Gaetana | Analytical Institutions, trans. John Colson (6 images; see also these 9 images) | 1801 |
| Ahmes | Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (4 images) | ca 1650 BCE |
| Airy, George Biddell | On the Algebra and Numerical Theory of Errors of Observation (3 images) | 1861 |
| Al-‘Āmilī, Bahāʾ al-dīn | Essentials of Arithmetic (5 images) | original ca 1600 |
| Al-‘Āmilī, Bahāʾ al-dīn | Quintessence of Calculation (4 images) | original ca 1600 |
| Albert of Saxony | Tractatus proportionum (2 images) | 1477 |
| Alberti, Giuseppe | Instruzione per l'Ingenero (1 image) | 1774 |
| Alberti, Leon Battista | Methods for Measuring Heights (4 images) | 15th century |
| Al-Bukhārī al-Kalabādhī, Shams al-dīn Maḥmūd ibn Abī Bakr | Manual of Inheritance Law (3 images) | 13th century |
| Aleni, Giulio | Wanguo Quantu (1 image) | 1620s |
| Aleni, Giulio, and Yang Tingyun | Zhifang Waiji (1 image) | 1623 |
| Alexander, Johann | Synopsis algebraica (3 images) | 1693 |
| Algarotti, Francesco | Il newtonianismo per le dame (2 images) | 1737 |
| Al-Jazarī, Ramaḍān ibn Abī Hurayrah | Explanation of the Abridgement on Calculus (4 images) | ca 1675 |
| Al-Khwārizmī, Muḥammad | Algebra (1 image) | (Original dates to ~825) |
| Al-Khwārizmī, Muḥammad | Algebra (Latin, 2 images) | 1456 (~825 original) |
| Alpoim, José Fernandes Pinto | 1744 | |
| Al-Rasmuki, Ahmad ibn Sulayman | Explanation of Arithmetic (3 images) | early 17th century |
| Al-Ṭajibī (or al-Ṭujībī), Abū ʻUthmān | Geometry treatise (4 images) | 13th century |
| Al-Ṭūsī, Nasīr al-dīn | Jami’ al-hisab bi-‘l-Takht wa-‘l-turab (The Collection of Arithmetic, 1 image) | (1265 original) |
| Al-Ṭūsī, Nasīr al-dīn | A Compendium of Treatises on Astronomy and Mathematics (3 images) | 1279 |
| Al-Ṭūsī, Nasīr al-dīn | Commentary on Euclid's Elements (1 image) | (13th-century original) |
| Al-Ṭūsī, Nasīr al-dīn | Al-Ṭūsī's Euclid's Elements (5 images) | (13th-century original) |
| Al-Ṭūsī, Nasīr al-dīn | Printed Arabic Euclid's Elements (2 images) | 1594 |
| Team working from Al-Zarqālī's data | Alfonsine Tables (4 images) | (13th-century original) |
| Ames, William L. | Descriptive Geometry (3 images) | 1918 (1893 original) |
| Amsler, Jacob | Polar planimeter (1 image) | 1880s |
| Andrés, Juan | Spanish mercantile arithmetic (3 images) | 1515 |
| degli Angeli, Stefano | Problemata geometrica sexaginta (5 images) | 1658 |
| degli Angeli, Stefano | De superficie vngulae (4 images) | 1661 |
| degli Angeli, Stefano | Accessionis ad Stereometriam et Mecanicam (2 images) | 1662 |
| Anianus | Computus cum commento (3 images) | 1488 (13th-century original) |
| Anonymous | Advertisements by British mathematics masters and makers of mathematical instruments (8 images) | mainly 18th century |
| Anonymous | Alfabeto geometrico in due parte diviso (4 images) | 1735 |
| Anonymous | Antichissimo di algorismo (2 images) | 14th century |
| Anonymous | Arithmetica Pratica (in Italian, 3 images) | 1575 |
| Anonymous | Arithmetica (2 images) | 1577 |
| Anonymous | Ars numerandi (The Art of Numbering) (2 images) | 1482 |
| Anonymous | Austrian measuring rod (1 image) | 1732 |
| Anonymous | Austrian weights (1 image) | 18th century |
| Anonymous | Bakhshali Manuscript (1 image; see also this 1 image) | 224–993 CE |
| Anonymous | Cambodian (Khmer) zero (3 images) | 683 CE |
| Anonymous | Cambridge Problems 1801-1820 (3 images) | 1836 |
| Anonymous | Chinese abacus (1 image) | ca 1925 |
| Anonymous | Chinese Encyclopedia of Mathematics (4 images) | 1882 (original 1723) |
| Anonymous | Codex Mexicanus of the Maya (1 image) | 1814 (original 12th cent.) |
| Anonymous | Codex Vergara of the Aztec (3 images) | 1539 |
| Anonymous | Counting board (2 images) | 16th century |
| Anonymous | Della Mechanica (2 images) | 1763–1784 |
| Anonymous | Dresden Codex (2 images) | early 13th century |
| Anonymous | Division practice (2 images) | 15th century |
| Anonymous | Egyptian stele showing objects as numbers (1 image) | 2613–2494 BCE |
| Anonymous | Egyptian student's math tablet (1 image) | 5th or 6th centuries |
| Anonymous | Egyptian Wooden Codex (1 image) | 6th or 7th centuries |
| Anonymous | English university student notes (3 images) | 17th century |
| Anonymous | English gauger's scale (1 image) | 18th century |
| Anonymous | English tally sticks (5 images) | 1296 |
| Anonymous | Fiore de ragione (Flower of Reason, 5 images) | ca 1538 - 1638 |
| Anonymous | Flemish commercial arithmetic (7 images) | ca 1600 |
| Anonymous | French commercial arithmetic manuscript (25 images) | 1778 |
| Anonymous | German arithmetic manuscript (5 images) | ca 1600 |
| Anonymous | German Geometria (10 images) | 18th century |
| Anonymous | German protractor (1 image) | 1700 |
| Anonymous | German portfolio of geometric watercolors (3 images) | 16th century |
| Anonymous | God, the Supreme Geometer (1 image) | 13th century |
| Anonymous | Gunter quadrant (1 image) | 17th century |
| Anonymous | Gwalior temple inscription (Sanskrit zero, 1 image) | 876 |
| Anonymous | Inca quipus (4 images) | ca 1400–1650 |
| Anonymous | Inclinometer engraving (1 image) | mid-18th century |
| Anonymous | Ishango Bone (1 image) | 20,000–25,000 years ago |
| Anonymous | Islamic astronomical chart (1 image) | 15th century |
| Anonymous | Italian armillary sphere (1 image) | 1550 |
| Anonymous | Italian arithmetic manuscript (1 image) | 1473 |
| Anonymous | Italian compass (1 image) | 15th century |
| Anonymous | Japanese protractor (1 image) | 1876 |
| Anonymous | Jetons for counting board (3 images) | ca 1490 - 1635 |
| Anonymous | Jinkō-ki (Large and Small Numbers, 3 images + 3 related images) | 1715, 1818 (original 1627) |
| Anonymous | Keduka Bukit Stone (Indonesian zero, 1 image) | 683–686 |
| Anonymous | Kitab al-Mutawassitat (1 image) | 15th to 18th centuries |
| Anonymous | Korean sangi rods (2 images) | 19th century |
| Anonymous | Manuscript for a Reckoning Master (7 images) | early 18th century |
| Anonymous | Manuscript illustrations of mathematical instruments (3 images) | 15th century |
| Anonymous | Mensuration Made Perfectly Easy (3 images) | ca 1770s |
| Anonymous | Mesopotamian accounting tokens (6 images) |
ca 4000 - 3100 BCE |
| Anonymous | Mesopotamian mathematical tablets (2 images) | ca 2700 - 1900 BCE |
| Anonymous | Mesopotamian square root table (2 images) | ca 1999 - 1800 BCE |
| Anonymous | Moffett Register for Recording Alcohol Sales (1 image) | 1877 |
| Anonymous | Moscow Mathematical Papyrus (1 image) | ca 1850 BCE |
| Anonymous | Set of Napier rods or bones (1 image) | 17th century |
| Anonymous | Old Babylonian area calculation (3 images) | ca 1800 - 1600 BCE |
| Anonymous | Old Babylonian scribal exercises (4 images) | ca 1800 - 1600 BCE |
| Anonymous | Old Babylonian tablet (SB 13088, 1 image) | ca 1894 - 1595 BCE |
| Anonymous | Old Babylonian tablet (Plimpton 322, 3 images) | ca 1850 BCE |
| Anonymous | Old Babylonian tablet (YBC 7289, 1 image) | ca 1800 - 1600 BCE |
| Anonymous | Old Babylonian tablets (2 images) | ca 1990 - 1700 BCE |
| Anonymous | Of the Parabola (5 images) | late 18th century |
| Anonymous | Playing cards illustrated with mathematical instruments (22 images) | 1702 |
| Anonymous | Practica geometriae (3 images) | 13th century |
| Anonymous | RCA Flowcharting Template (1 image) | ca 1960 |
| Anonymous | Rechenbuch associated with Friedrich Gerhart’s Practica des Algorismus Ratisbonensis (3 images) | ca 1460 |
| Anonymous | Roman Empire road map (Peutinger map, 2 images) | 1265 (originals from 1st century BCE) |
| Anonymous | Roman hand abacus (1 image) | 1st century |
| Anonymous | Sangi rods and computing grid (1 image) | 17th - 19th century |
| Anonymous | Sankei kyusho (3 images) | 17th - 19th century |
| Anonymous | Slide rule and gauging sticks (4 images) | 18th century |
| Anonymous | Tomb of Menna, Egypt (1 image) | 1420–1411 BCE |
| Anonymous | Treviso Arithmetic (1 image) | 1478 |
| Anonymous | Venetian merchant's notebook (3 images) | 15th or 16th century |
| Anonymous | Von der rechten Arithmetica geometrica, oder Decimal-Rechnung (German, 3 images) | 18th century |
| Anonymous | Zhoubi suanjing (2 images) | 1603 (original from 100 BCE) |
| Anonymous | Zibaldone da Canal (Canal's Notebook, 1 image) | 14th century |
| Apianus, Petrus (Peter Apian) |
Cosmographia (6 images) | 1539 (1524 original) |
| Apianus, Petrus (Peter Apian) |
Cosmographia (10 images) | 1545 (1524 original) |
| Apianus, Petrus (Peter Apian) |
Quadrans Apiani astronomicus (3 images) | 1532 |
| Apianus, Petrus (Peter Apian) |
Folium populi: Instrumentum (1 image) | 1533 |
| Apianus, Petrus (Peter Apian) |
Instrument Buch (4 images) | 1533 |
| Apianus, Petrus (Peter Apian) |
Instrumentum primi mobilis (2 images) | 1534 |
| Apianus, Petrus (Peter Apian) |
Introductio geographica (1 image) | 1534 |
| Apianus, Petrus (Peter Apian) |
Ein newe und wolgegründte underweisung aller Kauffmans Rechnung (2 images) | 1537 (original 1527) |
| Apianus, Petrus (Peter Apian) |
Astronomicum Caesareum (4 images) | 1540 |
| Apollonius | Conicorum libri IV. Cum commentariis R. P. Claudii Richardi (Richard’s translation, 1 image) | 1655 |
| Apollonius | Conics (Halley's translation, 2 images) | 1710 |
| Appell, Paul and Édouard Goursat | Théorie des fonctions algébriques et de leurs intégrales (4 images) | 1895 |
| Aquila, Pietro | Engraving of Hercules between astronomer and mathematician (1 image) | 1674 |
| Arbuthnot, John | Essay on Usefulness of Mathematical Learning (3rd ed., 3 images) | 1745 (original 1701) |
| Archimedes | Archimedes Palimpsest (6 images) | 10th century (3rd cent. BCE originals) |
| Archimedes | On Curved Surfaces (3 images) | ca. 1350-1372 (3rd cent. BCE original) |
| Archimedes | Works of Archimedes, by Piero della Francesca (11 images) | late 1450s |
| Archimedes | Commandino's Archimedes (6 images) | 1558 |
| Archimedes | Archimedes in Greek and Latin (2 images) | 1676 |
| Arisawa Munesada | Chusan shiki (2 images) | 17th - 18th century |
| Arnauld, Antoine | Nouveaux elemens de geometrie (4 images) | 1667 |
| Arnauld, Antoine and Pierre Nicole | Logic, or the Art of Thinking (3 images) | 1727 (original trans. 1717, original 1662) |
| Aurelio (or Aurel), Marco | Libro primero de aritmética algebraica (2 images) | 1552 |
| Ayala, Manuel | Elementos de matematicas (7 images) | 1832 |
| Back to top | ||
| Babbage, Benjamin Herschel | Babbage’s Calculating Machine (2 images) | 1872 |
| Babbage, Charles | Observations on the analogy which subsists between the calculus of functions and the other branches of analysis (4 images) | 1817 |
| Babbage, Charles | Examples of the Solutions of Functional Equations (5 images) | 1820 |
| Babbage, Charles | Observations on the notation employed in the calculus of functions (1 image) | 1820 |
| Babbage, Charles | Signature and portrait (1 image) | 1821 |
| Babbage, Charles | On the application of analysis to the discovery of local theorems and porisms (5 images) | 1823 |
| Babbage, Charles | On the influence of signs in mathematical reasoning (5 images) | 1826 (read 1821) |
| Babbage, Charles | Difference Engine (2 images) | 1853 |
| Babbage, Charles | Table of Logarithms (4 images) | 1872 (original 1827) |
| Bachet, Claude | Mathematical Recreations (4 images) | 1612 |
| Bachet, Claude | Arithmetic of Diophantus (in Latin, with conjectures of Fermat, 3 images; see also these 3 images) | 1670 (original 1621) |
| Bachmann, Paul | Die Elemente der Zahlentheorie (4 images) | 1892 |
| Bachmann, Paul | Die analytische Zahlentheorie (7 images) | 1894 |
| Bachmann, Paul | Die Arithmetik der quadratischen Formen | 1925 (original 1898) |
| Bacon, Roger | Specula mathematica (4 images) | 1614 (original 13th cent.) |
| Baker, Henry F. | Abel’s Theorem and the Allied Theory (4 images) | 1897 |
| Baker, Henry F. | Principles of Geometry (7 images) | 1929/1933 |
| Baker, Humfrey | The Wellspring of Sciences (3 images) | 1580 (original 1562) |
| Baker, Richard P. | Model of a Thermodynamic Surface (1 image) | ca 1906–1935 |
| Barbosa, Francisco Villela | Breve Tratado de Geometria Spherica (4 images) | 1817 |
| bar Hiyya, Abraham | Sphaera Mundi (7 images) | 1546 (11th or 12th cent. original) |
| Barlow, Peter | An Elementary Investigation of the Theory of Numbers (3 images) | 1811 |
| Barlow, Peter | A New Mathematical and Philosophical Dictionary (4 images) | 1814 |
| Barlow, Peter, et al | Encyclopedia of Pure Mathematics (5 images) | 1847 |
| Barozzi, Francesco | Procli Diadochi (Proclus' Commentary on Euclid's Elements, 2 images) | 1560 (original 5th cent.) |
| Barrow, Isaac | Geometrical Lectures (1 image) | 1735 edition |
| Barrow, Isaac | Euclid's Elements (2 images) | 1660 |
| Barrow, Isaac | Archimedes and Apollonius (1 image) | 1675 |
| Barrow, Isaac | Lecture on Archimedes (3 images) | 1678 |
| Barrow, Isaac | Latin edition of Euclid's Elements (4 images) | 1678 (1655 original) |
| Barrow, Isaac | The Usefulness of Mathematics Learning (2 images) | 1734 (1685 original) |
| Bartoli, Cosimo | Opere Di Orontio Fineo (1 image) | 1670 (1587 original) |
| Battista, Stefano di | Summa arismetice (1 image) | ca 1522 |
| Bede | De ratione temporum (2 images) | c. 1180 (725 original) |
| Beham, Hans Sebald | Geoometria (1 image) | ca 1500–1550 |
| Bénard, Robert | Engravings of mathematical and surveying instruments (2 images) | mid-18th century |
| Benedetto da Firenze (Benedict of Florence) | Trattato d'arismetriche (3 images) | ca 1460 |
| Benedetto da Firenze (Benedict of Florence) | Trattato d’abacho (11 images) | ca 1480 |
| Berkeley, George | Arithmeticae (1 image) | 1707/1871 |
| Berkeley, George | Miscellanea Mathematica (1 image) | 1707/1871 |
| Berkeley, George | The Analyst (8 images) | 1734 |
| Berkeley, George | The Analyst (7 images) | 1734/1871 |
| Berkeley, George | A Defence of Free-Thinking (4 images; see also this 1 image) | 1735 |
| Berman, Michael | Model of Elongated Pentagonal Pyramid (1 image) | mid-20th century |
| Bernays and Hilbert | Grundlagen der Mathematik (3 images) | 1934 |
| Bernays and Hilbert | Mathematischen Wissenschaften (2 images) | 1939 |
| Bernegger, Matthias | Manuale mathematicum, darinn begriffen die tabulae sinuum, tangentiũ, secantium (4 images) | 1619 |
| Bernoulli, Daniel | Hydrodynamica (2 images) | 1738 |
| Bernoulli, Jakob | Ars Conjectandi (1 image) | 1713 |
| Bernoulli, Jakob | Collected Works (3 images) | 1744 |
| Bernoulli, Johann | Correspondence with Leibniz (7 images) | 1694–1699 (published 1745) |
| Bernoulli, Johann | Opera Omnia, Vol. I (1690-1713) (6 images) | 1742 |
| Betti, Enrico | Opere Matematiche di Enrico Betti (2 images) | 1903 |
| Bettini, Mario | Bettini's Mathematical Apiary (8 images) | 1642 |
| Bettini, Mario | Aerarium philosophiae mathematicae (5 images) | 1648 |
| Bézout, Étienne | Cours de mathématiques a l’usage du corps de l’artillerie (4 images; see this image for the 1815 abridgement) | 1793 (1770–1782 original) |
| Bézout, Étienne | First Principles of the Differential and Integral Calculus (English translation, 2 images) | 1824 (1764–1767 original) |
| Bézout, Étienne | Elementary Treatise on Plane and Spherical Trigonometry from Lacroix and Bèzout (2nd ed., 4 images; see also these 5 images, 1833) | 1826 (1820 original) |
| Bhaskara | Lilavati (1 image) | undated |
| Bhaskara | Lilavati (2 images) | 1650 copy of 12th-cent. original |
| Bhaskara | Lilavati (2 images) | 18th-cent. copy of 12th-cent. original |
| Billingsley, Henry | Euclid's Elements (3 images) | 1570 |
| Bion, Nicolas | Traité de la construction et principaux usages des instruments de mathematique (4 images) | 1709 |
| Blagrave, John | Mathematical Jewel (1 image) | 1585 |
| Blondel, François | Problems from Architecture (2 images) | 1676 |
| Blondel, François | Cours de mathematique contenant divers traitez (3 images) | 1683 |
| Boeschenstein, Johann | Ain neu geordnet Rechenbiechlin (3 images) | 1514 |
| Boethius | De Institutione Arithmetica (7 images) | 845 CD (ca 500 original) |
| Boethius | De institutione arithmetica (2 images) | ca 1000 CE (ca 500 original) |
| Boethius | De institutione arithmetica (3 images) | 10th–12th centuries |
| Boethius | De institutione arithmetica (6 images) | 1294 manuscript |
| Boethius | Boetii Arithmetica (2 images) | 1521 |
| Boethius | Libri duo geometriae (1 image) | 11th century |
| Boethius | Liber circuli (1 image) | 1503 |
| du Bois-Reymond, Paul | Théorie Générale Des Fonctions (1 image) | 1887 (1882 original) |
| du Bois-Reymond, Paul | Abhandlung über die Darstellung der Funktionen durch trigonometrische Reihen (1 image) | 1912 (1876 original) |
| Bolyai, Farkas | Tentamen juventutem studiosam | 1832 |
| Bolyai, János | Appendix to Tentamen juventutem studiosam in elementa matheseos purae (4 images) | 1832 |
| Bolyai, János | Euclid's 5th postulate (7 images) | 1896 (1st ed. 1891, 1832 original) |
| Bolzano, Bernard | Three Problems (1 image) | 1817 |
| Bombelli, Rafael | L'algebra parte maggiore dell’aritmetica divisa in tre libri (4 images) | 1572 |
| Bombelli, Rafael | L'algebra parte maggiore dell’aritmetica divisa in tre libri (6 images; see also these 2 images) | 1579 (1572 original) |
| Bonnycastle, John | Introduction to Algebra (4 images) | 1811 (1782 original) |
| Bonnycastle, John | The Scholar's Guide to Arithmetic (3 images) | 1815 (1780 original) |
| Bonola, Roberto | Non-Euclidean Geometry (1 image) | 1912 (1906 original) |
| Bonvicino, Valeriano | Mathematics for a Military Academy (5 images) | 1665 |
| Boole, George | The Mathematical Analysis of Logic (4 images) | 1847 |
| Boole, George | An Investigation of the Laws of Thought (3 images) | 1854 |
| Boole, George | A Treatise on Differential Equations (3 images; see also these 2 images from an 1877 printing) | 1865 (1859 original) |
| Boole, George | On the Laws of Thought (3 images) | 1874 |
| Boole, George | Calculus of Finite Differences (3rd ed., 2 images) | 1880 (1859 original) |
| Boole, Mary Everest | The Mathematical Psychology of Gratry and Boole (9 images) | 1897 |
| Boole, Mary Everest | Lectures on the Logic of Arithmetic (13 images) | 1903 |
| Boole, Mary Everest | Philosophy and Fun of Algebra (6 images) | 1909 |
| Bordazar de Artazu, Antonio | Spanish Commercial Arithmetic (8 images) | 1736 |
| Borel, Emile | Elements of Set Theory (2 images) | 1949 |
| Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso | Euclide rinnovato (5 images) | 1663 |
| Borghi, Piero | Qui comenza la nobel opera de arithmetic (9 images; see also these 3 images of a 1491 reprint) | 1484 |
| Borghi, Piero | Libro de Abacho (3 images) | 1550 (1484 original) |
| Bossut, Charles | Traite elementaire de geometrie (6 images) | 1775 |
| Bossut, Charles | Cours de Mathématiques (8 images) | 1800 |
| Bossut, Charles | General History of Mathematics (English translation by John Bonnycastle, 3 images) | 1803 |
| Boulenger, Jean | La Geometrie Pratique (3 images) | 1691 (1624 original) |
| Bouquet, Claude and Charles Briot | Leçons de Géometrie Analytic (6 images) | 1875 |
| Bourdon, Louis Marie Pierre | Élémens d'algèbre (2 images) | 1820 (1817 original) |
| Bouvet, J., and J.F. Gerbillon | Ji he yuan ben (Elements of Geometry, 3 images) | 1690s |
| de Bovelles, Charles | Practical geometry (3 images) | 1555 |
| Bowditch, Nathaniel | Celestial Mechanics (5 images) | 1818/1829 |
| Bowditch, Nathaniel | The New American Practical Navigator (9 images) | 1802 |
| Bradwardine, Thomas | Preclarissimum mathematicarum opus (4 images) | 1503 |
| Bradwardine, Thomas | Geometria speculativa (3 images) | 1511 |
| Bradwardine, Thomas | Arithmethica (2 images) | 1513 |
| Brahe, Tycho | Colored print of Island of Hven from Civitates orbis terrarum (1 image) | 1598 |
| Brahe, Tycho | Obituary of Tycho Brahe (1 image) | 1601 |
| Brahe, Tycho | Astronomiae instauratae mechanica (2 images; see also these 3 images) | 1602 |
| Brahe, Tycho | Astronomiae instauratae progymnasmata (3 images; see also these 3 images) | 1602 |
| Brahe, Tycho |
De mundi aetherei recentioribus phaenomenis (2 images) |
1603 |
| Brahe, Tycho | Copper print of Brahe's observatory, Uraniborg, by Joan Blaeu (1 image) | 1662 |
| Brahe, Tycho | Historia caelistis (2 images) | 1666 |
| Braikenridge, William | Exercitatio geometrica (4 images) | 1733 |
| Bramer, Benjamin | Trigonometria planorum mechanica (5 images) | 1617 |
| Bramer, Benjamin | Etliche Geometrische Quaestiones (6 images) | 1618 |
| Bramer, Benjamin, and Jost Bürgi | Apollonius Cattus oder ... Geometriae (12 images) | 1684 (1646–1647 original) |
| Briggs, Henry | Arithmetica logarithmica (3 images) | 1624 |
| Brill, Alexander and Ludwig | Geometric Model for Soap Film Minimal Surface (1 image) | ca 1892 |
| Brill, Alexander and Ludwig | Paper Geometric Model of Elliptic Paraboloid (1 image) | 1892 |
| Briot, Charles and Claude Bouquet | Leçons de Géometrie Analytic (6 images) | 1875 |
| Brown, Hugh | The True Principles of Gunnery (1 image) | 1777 |
| Brugsch, Henrich | Ancient Egyptian Numbers (2 images) | 1849 |
| Brunn, Lucas | Praxis Perspectivae (3 images) | 1615 |
| Brunn, Lucas | Elementa practica, oder Ausszug aller Problematum and und Handarbeiten auss den 15. Büchern Euclidis (3 images) | 1625 |
| Buot, Jacques | Introduction aux Mathematiques (6 images) | ca 1675 |
| Burkhardt, Heinrich | Einführung in die Theorie der analytischen Functionen einer complexen Veränderlichen (5 images) | 1897 |
| Burrow, Reuben | “A Proof that the Hindoos Had the Binomial Theorem” (12 images) | 1799 |
| Bush, Vannevar | Product integraph (1 image) | ca 1925 |
| Butterfield, Michael | Protractor, set square, and sector (2 images) | ca 1750 |
| Byerly, William Elwood | Differential Calculus for Harvard Students (5 images) | 1888 |
| Byrhtferth | Byrhtferth’s Manuscript (8 images) | ca 1102–1111 |
| Byrne, Oliver | Short Practical Treatise on Spherical Trigonometry (8 images) | 1835 |
| Byrne, Oliver | Practical, Complete and Correct Gager (1 image) | 1840 |
| Byrne, Oliver | Elements of Euclid (3 images; see also these 5 images and these 4 images) | 1847 |
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| Cagnacci, Luigi Maria | Libro per brevem apprend[ere] le discipline mattemat[iche] (6 images) | after 1689 |
| Cajori, Florian | History of ... Limits and Fluxions (5 images) | 1919 |
| Calandri, Filippo | Trattato di arithmetica (5 images) | 1491 |
| Camorano, Rodrigo | Los seis libros primeros dela geometria de Euclides (2 images) | 1576 |
| Campanus, Johannes (Campanus of Novara) |
Euclid's Elements (3 images) | ca 1300–1315 (13th cent. trans.) |
| Campanus, Johannes | Euclid's Elements (Ratdolt ed. of Campanus translation, 10 images; see also these 4 images) | 1482 (13th-cent. trans.) |
| Campanus, Johannes | Euclid's Elements (Luca Pacioli ed., 7 images; see also these 7 images) | 1509 (13th-cent. trans.) |
| Campanus, Johannes | Euclidis Megarensis mathematici clarissimi elementorum geometricorum libri XV … (10 images) | 1558 (from 3rd cent. original) |
| Canal | Zibaldone da Canal (Canal's Notebook, 1 image) | 14th century |
| Cantone, Oberto | L'vso prattico dell' aritmetica e geometria (2 images; see also these 2 images of a 1606 printing) | 1599 |
| Cantor, Georg | "Ueber trigonometrische Reihen" ("On trigonometric series"; 6 images showing complete paper) | 1871 |
| Cantor, Moritz | Vorlesungen über Geschichte der Mathematik (Lectures on the History of Mathematics, 9 images) | 1880-1908 |
| Cardano, Gerolamo | Ars Magna (1 image; see also these 4 images) | 1545 |
| Cardano, Gerolamo | Acceptance of Ptolemy's Astrology (1 image) | 1554 |
| Cardano, Gerolamo | Practica Arithmetice (5 images) | 1539 |
| Carnot, Lazare | Oeuvres Mathématiques du Citoyen Carnot (12 images) | 1797 |
| Carnot, Lazare | Réflexions sur la métaphysique du calcul infinitésimal (2 images) | 1797 |
| Carnot, Lazare | De la Corrélation des Figures de Géométrie (8 images) | 1801 |
| Carnot Lazare | Géométrie de position (3 images) | 1803 |
| Carroll, Lewis | Review of Formulae of Plane Trigonometry (1 image) | 1861 |
| Carroll, Lewis | Euclid and His Modern Rivals (2 images) | 1879 |
| Carroll, Lewis | Euclid Books I, II (9 images) | 1883 (1875 original) |
| Carroll, Lewis | A Tangled Tale (5 images) | 1885 |
| Carroll, Lewis | Symbolic Logic, Part I (7 images) | 1896 |
| Caswell, John | A Brief (but full) Account of the Doctrine of Trigonometry, Both Plain and Spherical (2 images) | 1685 |
| Catena, Pietro | Aristotelian Logic in Arithmetic (4 images) | 1556 |
| Cataneo, Pietro | Practice of Two Primary Mathematics (4 images) | 1559 |
| Cataneo, Pietro | Practice of the two basic Mathematics (4 images) | 1567 |
| Cauchy, Augustin-Louis | Cours d'Analyse (3 images, see also these 2 images) | 1821 |
| Cauchy, Augustin-Louis | Résumé des Leçons sur le Calcul Infinitesimal (5 images) | 1823 |
| Cauchy, Augustin-Louis | Mémorie sur les Intégrales Définies (3 images) | 1825 |
| Cauchy, Augustin-Louis | Leçons sur les applications du calcul infinitésimal a la géométrie (3 images) | 1826 |
| Cauchy, Augustin-Louis | Exercices de Mathematiques (3 images) | 1826 |
| Cauchy, Augustin-Louis | Leçons sur le Calcul Différentiel (1 image) | 1829 |
| Cauchy, Augustin-Louis | Mémoire sur la résolution des équations numériques et sur la théorie de l'élimination (1 image) | 1829 |
| Cauchy, Augustin-Louis | Manuscript of Cauchy on Solving Equations (4 images) | 1831 |
| Cauchy, Augustin-Louis | Exercices d'Analyse et de Physique Mathématique, Vol. I (3 images) | 1840 |
| Cauchy, Augustin-Louis | Complete Works of Augustin Cauchy, Vol. V (1 image) | 1885 |
| Cavalieri, Bonaventura | Geometria indivisibilibus (10 images; see also these 3 images of a 1653 printing) | 1635 |
| Cavalieri, Bonaventura | Trigonometria Plana et Sphaerica, Linearis, & Logarithmica (3 images) | 1643 |
| Cavalieri, Bonaventura | Exercitationes geometricae sex (2 images) | 1647 |
| Cavalieri, Bonaventura |
Lo specchio ustorio (6 images) |
1650 (1632 original) |
| Cayley, Arthur | Elliptic Functions (4 images) | 1876 |
| Çelebi, Kātib | Cihānnümā (1 image) | 1732 (ca 1648 original) |
| Chambers, Ephraim | Cyclopaedia (English, 2nd ed., 5 images) | 1738 (1728 original) |
| Chasles, Michel | Géométrie Supérieure (Higher Geometry, 4 images) | 1880 (1852 original) |
| du Châtelet, Émilie | Institutions de Physique (10 images) | 1741 (1740 original) |
| du Châtelet, Émilie | Principes Mathématiques (5 images) | 1759 |
| Chauvet, Jacques | Petit traitté de la fortification moderne (4 images) | 1600 |
| Chebyshev, Pafnuty Lvovich | Collected Works (8 images) | 1899 |
| Child Guidance Toys | Add-A-Count Scale (for teaching arithmetic) (1 image) | 1950s |
| Church, Albert | Elements of Descriptive Geometry (9 images) | 1867 (1864 original) |
| Clairaut, Alexis Claude | Élémens d’Algebre (2 images) | 1760 (1749 original) |
| Clairaut, Alexis Claude | Élémens de Géométrie (4 images) | 1771 (1741 original) |
| Clavius, Christopher | Opera mathematica (2 images) | 1612 |
| Clavius, Christopher | Theodosii Tripolitae Sphaericorum Libri III (1 image) | 1586 |
| Clavius, Christopher | Gnomonices Libri Octo (1 image) | 1587 |
| Clavius, Christopher | Tractatus de Sphaera (by Johannes de Sacro Bosco) (1 image) | 1596 |
| Clavius, Christopher | Algebra (6 images) | 1608 |
| Clavius, Christopher | Epitome arithmetica practica (2 images) | 1584 |
| Clavius, Christopher | Euclidis elementorum (2 images) | 1574 |
| Clavius, Christopher | Euclidis posteriores (2 images) | 1654 (1607 original) |
| Clavius, Christopher | Yuan rong jioa yi (Treatise on Geometry, 7 images) | 1847 (original trans. 1614, 1574 original) |
| Clebsch, Alfred | Vorlesungen über geometrie (3 images) | 1876 |
| Clifford, William | Mathematical Fragments (4 images) | 1881 |
| Clifford, William | Mathematical Papers (5 images) | 1882 |
| Cocker, Edward | Decimal Arithmetick (1 image) | 1685 |
| Coets, Henrik | Euclidis Elementorum (4 images) | 1692 (1691 original) |
| Coets, Henrik | Arithmetica Practica (6 images) | 1698 |
| Colburn, Warren | First Lessons in Intellectual Arithmetic (2 images) | 1863 (1821 original) |
| Collins, John | Letter on 'Defects in Algebra' (5 images) | 1684 |
| Collins, John | Commercium Epistolicum (1 image) | 1712 |
| Commandino, Federico | Commandino's Archimedes (6 images, see also these 2 images) | 1558 |
| Commandino, Federico | Euclidis elementorum (1 image) | 1572 |
| Comte, Augustus | Philosophy of Mathematics (6 images) | 1855 |
| de Condillac, Étienne Bonnot | Language of Calculus (7 images) | 1877 (1798 original) |
| Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, marquis de | Essai sur L’Application de L’Analyse a la Probabilité des Décisions Rendues à la Pluralité des Voix (2 images) | 1785 |
| Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, marquis de | Élémens du Calcul des Probablities (1 image) | 1805 |
| Copernicus, Nicolaus | De revolutionibus (9 images) | 1566 (1543 original) |
| Corachán, Juan Bautista | Arithmetic for Merchants (3 images) | 1757 (1699 original) |
| Cort, Cornelius | Engravings of Arithmetica and Geometria (2 images) | 1565 |
| Cortona, Giovanni Battista | Libro de Abbaco (7 images) | 1574 |
| Coutereels, Jan | Cyffer-Boek (11 images) | 1690 |
| Cowley, John Lodge | An Illustration and Mensuration of Solid Geometry (7 images) | 1787 (1758 original) |
| Cramer, Gabriel | Introduction a l’Analyse des Lignes Courbes Algebriques (5 images) | 1750 |
| Crelle, August Leopold (editor) | Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (3 images) | 1826–present |
| Cunn, Samuel | Construction and Use of the Sector (2 images) | 1729 |
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| d'Alembert, Jean Le Rond, et al | Encyclopédie Méthodique: Mathématiques (vol. 1 and Dictionnaire des Jeux Mathématiques) (4 images) | 1784 and 1798 |
| da Vinci, Leonardo | Sketches for Luca Pacioli's De divina proportione (15 images) | 1509 |
| Daboll, Nathan | Schoolmaster’s Assistant (5 images) | 1829 (1799 original) |
| Dagomari, Paolo | Trattato dell'abbaco (5 images) | 1339 |
| Daivajne, Gaṇeśa | Grahalāghava (1 image) | ca 1520 |
| Danti, Ignazio (Egnatio) | La Prospettiva di Euclide (5 images) | 1573 |
| Danti, Ignazio (Egnatio) | Dell' Uso et Fabbrica Dell’ Astrolabio (1 image) | 1578 |
| Darboux, Gaston | Theory of Surfaces (1 image) | 1887 |
| Darboux, Gaston | Systèmes Orthogonaux et les Coordonnées Curvilignes (1 image) | 1910 (1898 original) |
| Daries (or Darjes), Joachim Georg | Ground of all Mathematics (4 images) | 1757 |
| Dasypodius, Conrad, and Christian Herlin | Geometric Analysis of the First Six Books of Euclid (1 image) | 1566 |
| Davies, Charles | American Textbooks (8 images) | 1826–1840 |
| Davies, Charles | Elements of Descriptive Geometry (4 images) | 1839 (1826 original) |
| Davies, Charles | Geometry and Trigonometry (5 images) | 1848 (1834 original) |
| Davies, Charles | Elements of Algebra (1 image; see also 1 image of an 1840 printing) | 1835 |
| Davies, Charles | Elements of the Differential and Integral Calculus (3 images) | 1840 (1836 original) |
| Davies, Charles | The Logic and Utility of Mathematics (6 images) | 1869 (1850 original) |
| Davies, Charles | Key to Davies’ Bourdon (3 images) | 1866 (1856 original) |
| Davies, Charles and William Peck | Mathematical Cyclopedia (2 images) | 1872 |
| Davis, Samuel | Mensuration Made Perfectly Easy (3 images) | ca 1770s |
| Davison, John | New System of Arithmetic (1 image) | 1780 |
| Day, Jeremiah | A Treatise of Plane Trigonometry (1 image) | 1815 |
| Day, Jeremiah | The Mathematical Principles of Navigation and Surveying (2 images) | 1817 |
| Day, Jeremiah | Introduction to Algebra (2 images) | 1834 (1814 original) |
| Day, Jeremiah | The Teacher’s Assistant (4 images) | 1836 |
| de Alcega, Juan | Libro de geometria pratica y traça (2 images) | 1589 |
| de Condillac, Étienne Bonnot | Language of Calculus (7 images) | 1877 (1798 original) |
| de Graaf, Abraham | Principia arithmeticae, theoreticae, & practicae (2 images) | 1662 |
| de Graaf, Abraham | De beginselen van de algebra of stelkonst (1 image) | 1672 |
| de Graaf, Abraham | De geheele mathesis of wiskunst (1 image) | 1694 (1676 original) |
| de Graaf, Abraham | Instructie van het Italiaans boekhouden (2 images) | 1720 (1688 original) |
| de Graaf, Abraham | Exemplaar-boekje van de arithmetica, zynde een vervolg van de Wiskonstige arithmetica (4 images) | 1702 |
| de Graaf, Abraham | Analysis of stelkunstige ontknoping in de meetkunstige werkstukken (3 images) | 1706 |
| de Graaf, Abraham | Inleyding tot de wiskunst, of de beginselen van de geometria en algebra (4 images) | 1706 |
| de Graaf, Abraham | De vervulling van de geometria en algebra (5 images) | 1708 |
| De Lagny | Arithmetic and Algebra (2 images) | 1697 |
| De Moivre, Abraham | Annuities on Lives (3 images) | 1752 (1725 original) |
| De Moivre, Abraham | Doctrine of Chances (2 images; see also these 5 images from the 1738 2nd edition) | 1756 (1711 original) |
| De Morgan, Augustus | The Elements of Algebra, translated from the first three chapters of the algebra of M. Bourdon (2 images) | 1828 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | Elements of Arithmetic (5th ed., 6 images) | 1858 (1830 original) |
| De Morgan, Augustus | On the Study and Difficulties of Mathematics (1 image; see also these 6 images from a 1910 reprint) | 1831 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | Elementary Illustrations of the Differential and Integral Calculus (4 images) | 1899 (1832 original) |
| De Morgan, Augustus | Elements of Algebra (4 images) | 1835 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | Elements of Trigonometry and Trigonometrical Analysis (6 images) | 1837 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | An Essay on Probabilities (3 images) | 1838 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | An Essay on Probabilities and their Application to Life Contingencies and Insurance Offices (6 images) | 1838 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | "Induction (Mathematical)" (3 images) | 1838 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | Differential and Integral Calculus (4 images) | 1842 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | Letter to Indologist H. H. Wilson (4 images) | 1843 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | Arithmetical Books (3 images) | 1847 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | Formal Logic (4 images) | 1847 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | Trigonometry and Double Algebra (10 images) | 1849 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | Syllabus of a Proposed System of Logic (3 images) | 1860 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | Student's drawing of De Morgan (1 image) | 1865 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | Visiting card with photograph (2 images) | ca 1866 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | Budget of Paradoxes (2 images) | 1872 |
| De Morgan, Augustus | Budget of Paradoxes (2nd ed. edited by D. E. Smith, 9 images) | 1915 |
| de Neeff, Adriaan | Cijffer-boeck der heylige schrift (1 image) | 1682 |
| de Ortega, Juan | Arismetica y ... geometria (5 images) | 1512/1552 |
| de Ortega, Juan | Suma de arithmetica: ordinate (3 images) | 1515 (1512 original) |
| de Ortega, Juan | Tractado Subtilissimo d’arismetica (1 image) | 1563 |
| de Puydt, Lucien | Vocabulary and Phrases of the Cuna Language, copied and arranged by Carl Hermann Berendt (5 images) | 1869 (transcribed 1873) |
| de Roberval, Gilles Personne | Divers Ouvrages (5 images) | 1693 |
| de Savonne, Pierre | L'Arithmetique (3 images; see also these 8 images from a 1630 edition) | 1571 |
| de Ville Dei, Alexandre | Carmen de Algorism (2 images) | ca 1240 |
| de Witt, Jan | Elements of Curves (5 images) | 1683 |
| del Monte, Guidobaldo | Perspectiva (5 images) | 1600 |
| Dedekind, Richard | Essays on the Theory of Numbers (2 images) | 1909 |
| Deidier, L’Abbé | L’Arithmetique des Géométres (2 images) | 1739 |
| della Francesca, Piero | Works of Archimedes (11 images) | late 1450s |
| Desargues, Girard | Universal Way of Dyaling (1 image) | 1659 |
| Descartes, René | Discourse on Method (1 image) | 1637 |
| Descartes, René | Geometria (in Latin, 3 images) | 1659 |
| Descartes, René | Principia philosophiae (2 images) | 1644 |
| Descartes, René | Geometria à Renato Des Cartes by van Schooten (3 images) | 1683 (1649 original) |
| Descartes, René | Lettres (1 image) | 1663–1667 |
| di Fagnano, Giulio Carlo | Produzione Matematiche (3 images) | 1750 |
| Dickson, Leonard Eugene | Algebraic Invariants (3 images) | 1914 |
| Dickson, Leonard Eugene | History of the Theory of Numbers, Vol. I (10 images) | 1919 |
| Diez (Freyle), Juan | Sumario Compendioso (in Spanish, 1 image) | 1556 |
| Digges, Leonard and Thomas | Stratioticos (6 images) | 1579 |
| Digges, Leonard | Tectonicon (4 images) | 1556/1634 |
| Digges, Thomas | Pantometria (3 images) | 1571 |
| Dilworth, Thomas | Schoolmaster's Assistant (1st American ed., 6 images) | 1773 |
| Diophantus | Arithmetic (in Latin, with commentary by Bachet and conjectures of Fermat, 3 images; see also these 3 images) | 1670 (3rd cent. original) |
| Dirichlet, Lejeune | Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie (Lectures on Number Theory, 4 images) | 1863 |
| Dirichlet, Lejeune | Collected Works (vol. II, 5 images) | 1897 |
| Dirichlet, Lejeune | Untersuchungen über verschiedene Anwendungen Infinitesimalanalysis auf die Zahlentheorie (1 image) | 1897 (1839–1840 original) |
| Disney Productions | Donald in Mathmagic Land (4 images) | 1959 |
| Ditzel, Jerome [Hieronymus] | Geographiae (6 images) | 1716 |
| Dodgson, Charles | Review of Formulae of Plane Trigonometry (1 image) | 1861 |
| Dodgson, Charles | Euclid and His Modern Rivals (2 images) | 1879 |
| Dodgson, Charles | Euclid Books I, II (9 images) | 1883 (1875 original) |
| Dodgson, Charles | Lewis Carroll’s A Tangled Tale (5 images) | 1885 |
| Dodgson, Charles | Postcard and other materials (8 images) | 1896 |
| Dodgson, Charles | Symbolic Logic, Part I (7 images) | 1896 |
| Dodson, James | The Mathematical Repository (3 vol., 14 images) | 1748, 1753, 1755 |
| Doppelmayr, Johann Gabriel | History of Mathematics in Nuremberg (2 images) | 1730 |
| Duncan, Thomas | Supplement to Playfair's Geometry and Wood's Algebra (2 images) | 1824 (1822 original) |
| Duncan, William | Elements of Logic (3 images) | 1811 (1748 original) |
| Dürer, Albrecht | Institutionum Geometricarum (7 images) | 1535 and 1606 |
| Dürer, Albrecht | Vnderweysung der Messung mit dem Zirckel vnd Richtscheyt (4 images) | 1525 |
| Dürer, Albrecht | Treatise on Mensuration (4 images) | 1538 (1525 original) |
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| Eames, Charles, designer | Men of Modern Mathematics timeline poster, published by IBM (2 images) | 1966 |
| Einstein, Albert | Riemannian Geometry with Preservation of the Concept of Distant Parallelism (1 image) | 1928 |
| Eisenhart, Luther | Treatise on the Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces (6 images) | 1906 |
| Elder, John D. | Factor Stencil Punch Cards (1 image) | 1939 |
| Emerson, George Barrell, and John Farrar | Bézout’s First Principles of the Differential and Integral Calculus (2 images) | 1824 |
| Emerson, George Barrell, and John Farrar | Elements of Algebra, by Bourdon (4 images) | 1831 |
| Emerson, William | Doctrine of Fluxions (6 images) | 1743/1768 |
| Emerson, William | Treatise of Algebra (5 images) | 1764 |
| Emerson, William | Cyclomathesis (11 images) | 1770 |
| Etten, Henry (Hendrik) van | Mathematicall Recreations (3rd English ed., 2 images) | 1674 (1st English ed. 1633, 1624 French original) |
| Euclid | Data: Claude Hardy edition (1 image) | 1625 |
| Euclid | Euclid Prop. II.5 on papyrus (in Greek, 1 image) | 1st century CE (ca 300 BCE original) |
| Euclid | Elements: Boethius translation (1 image) | 11th century |
| Euclid | Elements: leaves from Arabic abridgment (3 images) | 1108–1109 |
| Euclid | Elements: Adelard of Bath Latin translation (7 images) | 12th-14th centuries |
| Euclid | Elements: Late 13th-century manuscript (5 images) | 1294 |
| Euclid | Elements: Nasīr al-dīn al-Ṭūsī commentary (1 image) | undated (13th century original) |
| Euclid | Elements: Campanus commentary (3 images) | c. 1300–1315 (13th-cent. trans.) |
| Euclid | Elements: 14th-century manuscript (3 images) | 1390 |
| Euclid | Elements: 14th-century manuscript (4 images) | ca 1385–1399 |
| Euclid | Elements: German manuscript (2 images) | 1460 |
| Euclid | Elements: ibn Hunayn translation (1 image) | 1466 (9th cent. trans.) |
| Euclid | Elements: Ratdolt edition of Campanus translation (10 images; see also these 4 images) | 1482 (13th cent. trans.) |
| Euclid | Elements of Euclid: Luca Pacioli (7 images; see also these 7 images) | 1509 |
| Euclid | Elements: Italian edition (3 images) | ca 1510 |
| Euclid | Elements: Latin edition printed in France (3 images) | 1516 |
| Euclid | Euykleidou Stoicheiōn … (4 images; see also these 3 images) | 1533 |
| Euclid | Elements: Italian manuscript (3 images) | 1541 |
| Euclid | Euclidis Elementorum libri XV (5 images) | 1558 |
| Euclid | Elements: Henry Billingsley edition (2 images) | 1570 |
| Euclid | Elements: Commandino edition (4 images) | 1572 |
| Euclid | Euclidis Megarensis mathematici clarissimi elementorum geometricorum libri XV … (10 images) | 1573 |
| Euclid | Euclidis Elementorum libri XV (3 images) | 1573 |
| Euclid | Elements: Forcadel first 6 books edition (3 images) | 1573 |
| Euclid | Elements: Christopher Clavius edition (2 images) | 1574 |
| Euclid | Elements: first Spanish edition (2 images) | 1576 |
| Euclid | Elements in Arabic (4 images) | 1594 |
| Euclid | Elements: Hero commentary (2 images) | 16th century (1st century original) |
| Euclid | Elements: Ricci and Xu edition (7 images) | 1847 (1614 original) |
| Euclid | Elements: Lucas Brunn edition (3 images) | 1625 |
| Euclid | Elements: Isaac Barrow edition (2 images) | 1660 |
| Euclid | Euclide rinnovato (5 images) | 1663 |
| Euclid | Elements: Isaac Barrow in Latin (4 images) | 1678 (1655 original) |
| Euclid | Elements: Williams & Dechales ed. (1 image) | 1685 |
| Euclid | Elements: Gerbillon & Bouvet ed. (3 images) | 1690s |
| Euclid | Elements: Henrik Coets edition (4 images) | 1692 (1691 original) |
| Euclid | Elements: Hebrew translation (2 images) | 1704 (13th-century original) |
| Euclid | Elements: John Keill edition (4 images) | 1728 (1723 original) |
| Euclid | Elements: Joseph Fenn edition (2 images) | 1769 |
| Euclid | Elements: Oliver Byrne's edition (3 images) | 1847 |
| Euclid | Elements: Robert Pott's edition (5 images) | 1871 (1845 original) |
| Euclid | Elements: Todhunter's edition (9 images) | 1872 (1862 original) |
| Euclid | Elements: Dodgson on Books I,II (9 images) | 1883 (1875 original) |
| Euler, Leonhard | Algebra (in French, 1 image) | 1795 (1770 original) |
| Euler, Leonhard | Algebra (in English, 4 images) | 1828 (1770 original) |
| Euler, Leonhard | Mechanica (vol. I, 3 images) | 1736 |
| Euler, Leonhard | Calculus of Variations (1 image) | 1744 |
| Euler, Leonhard | Methodus Inveniendi Lineas Curvas (5 images) | 1744 |
| Euler, Leonhard | Theoria motuum planetarum et cometarum (1 image) | 1744 |
| Euler, Leonhard | Analysis of the Infinite (4 images) | 1748 |
| Euler, Leonhard | Integral Calculus (3 images) | 1768 |
| Euler, Leonhard | Letters to a German Princess (7 images) | 1769–1773 |
| Euler, Leonhard | The True Principles of Gunnery (1 image) | 1777 (1745 original) |
| Euler, Leonhard | Institutiones Calculus Differentialis (2 images) | 1787 |
| Euler, Leonhard | Commentationes Arithmeticae (3 images) | 1849 |
| Everard, Thomas | Stereometry or the Art of Gauging (7th ed., 1 image) | 1712 (1684 original) |
| Eyre, John | The Exact Surveyor (2 images) | 1654 |
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| Faber, A. W. (later Faber-Castell) | Simplex Mannheim slide rule (1 image) | 1900–1908 |
| di Fagnano, Giulio Carlo | Produzione Matematiche (3 images) | 1750 |
| Farrar, John | Elements of Geometry by A. M. Legendre, Translated from the French for the use of the students of the University at Cambridge, New-England (4 images; see also these 2 images of the 1825 2nd edition) | 1819 |
| Farrar, John, and George Barrell Emerson | Bézout’s First Principles of the Differential and Integral Calculus (2 images) | 1824 |
| Farrar, John | Lacroix's Algebra (3 images) | 1825 (1818 original) |
| Farrar, John, and George Barrell Emerson | Elements of Algebra, by Bourdon (4 images) | 1831 |
| Farrar, John | An Elementary Treatise on Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, and on the Application of Algebra to Geometry; from the Mathematics of Lacroix and Bézout (5 images; see also these 4 images) | 1833 (1820 original) |
| Faulhaber, Johann | Academia Algebrae (2 images) | 1631 |
| Feliciano, Francisco | Libro di Arithmetica i Geometria (3 images) | 1536 |
| Felter, Stoddard A. | Felter's First Lessons in Numbers (17 images) | 1865 |
| Fenn, Joseph | New and Complete System of Algebra (2 images) | 1767 |
| Fenn, Joseph | Instructions Given in the Drawing School (vol. 2, 2 images; see also these 5 images) | 1769–1772 |
| Fenn, Joseph | translation of Euclid's Elements (2 images) | 1769 |
| Fenn, Joseph | The Complete Accountant (3 images) | 1772 |
| Fenning, Daniel | The Young Algebraist’s Companion (10 images) | 1751 |
| Fenning, Daniel | The British Youth’s Instructor (10 images) | 1765 (1754 original) |
| Fermat, Pierre de | Varia opera mathematica (4 images) | 1679 |
| Fermat, Pierre de | Oeuvres de Fermat, Vol. I (ed. Paul Tannery and Charles Henry, 3 images) | 1891 |
| Fernel, Jean | De proportionibus (5 images) | 1528 |
| Fibonacci (Leonardo of Pisa) | Liber abaci (3 images) | 14th century (1202 original) |
| Fibonacci (Leonardo of Pisa) | Liber abaci (ed. Baldassarre Boncompagni, 7 images) | 1857 (1202 original) |
| Fibonacci (Leonardo of Pisa) | Practica Geometriae (ed. Baldassarre Boncompagni, 3 images) | 1857 (13th century original) |
| Field, William | Hinged parallel rule (1 image) | 1854/1923 |
| Fine, Oronce | Geometry (1 image) | 1530 |
| Fine, Oronce | Protomathesis (3 images) | 1532 |
| Fine, Oronce | World Map (1 image) | 1534 |
| Fine, Oronce | De mundi sphaera (3 images) | 1542 |
| Fine, Oronce | Arithmetica practica (4 images) | 1544 |
| Fine, Oronce | Le sphere du monde manuscript (6 images) | 1549 |
| Fine, Oronce | Le sphere du monde (3 images) | 1551 |
| Fine, Oronce | De re et praxi geometrica (4 images) | 1556 |
| Fine, Oronce | Opere Di Orontio Fineo (1 image) | 1670 (1587 original) |
| Fink, Karl | Kurzer Abriss einer Geschichte der Elementar-Mathematik (5 images) | 1890 |
| Fisher, Sir Ronald Aylmer | R. A. Fisher’s Statistics Books (6 images) | 1938 |
| Fludd, Robert | History of the Macrocosm (3 images) | 1618 |
| Fontaine, Alexis | Traité de calcul différentiel et intégral (4 images) | 1770 |
| de Fontenelle, Bernard | A Panegyric upon Sir Isaac Newton (English translation, 2 images) | 1728 |
| Forcadel, Pierre | 1573 | |
| Forestani, Lorenzo | Pratica d’arithmetica e geometria (15 images) | 1682 (1603 original) |
| Forsyth, Andrew | Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable (6 images) | 1893 |
| Francesca, Piero della | Works of Archimedes (11 images) | late 1450s (originals 3rd cent. BCE) |
| Francesco Vecelli | Problemi di geometria practica (7 images) | 1767 |
| Francoeur, Louis | Complete Course in Pure Mathematics, trans. by Blakelock (7 images) | 1829-1830 (1809 original) |
| François, Jean | Traité de la Quantitée (5 images) | 1655 |
| François, Jean | L’Arithmétique et la Géométrie Pratique (5 images) | 1657 |
| Franklin, Benjamin | 16X16 "Magic Square of Squares" (3 images) | 1768 (1767 original) |
| Fraser, Alexander | The Works of George Berkeley (The Analyst, 7 images) | 1734/1871 |
| Frend, William | The Principles of Algebra (2 images) | 1796 |
| Frend, William | Tangible Arithmetic (1 image) | 1805 |
| Frisius, Gemma | Arithmeticae methodus facilis (3 images) | 1540 |
| Frisius, Gemma | Arithmeticae practicae (2 images) | 1540/1567 |
| Frisius, Gemma | Arithmeticae practicae (4 images) | 1566 (1540 original) |
| Frisius, Gemma | Cosmographia Petri Apiani (10 images) | 1645 (1624 original) |
| Frobenius, Georg | Clavis universi trigonometrica (1 image) | 1634 |
| Fubini, Guido | Lezioni di analisi matematica (1 image) | 1920 (1913 original) |
| Fujita Kagen | Shinpeki sanpo (Sacred Mathematics, 1 image + 5 related images) | 1789 |
| Galileo Galilei | Forgery of Galileo’s letter about the telescope and sketches of Jupiter’s moons (1 image) | by 1934 |
| Galileo Galilei | Siderius nuncius (2 images) | 1610 |
| Galileo Galilei | Siderius nuncius with author's signature (1 image) | 1610 |
| Galileo Galilei | De proportionum instrumento (1 image) | 1612 (1606 original) |
| Galileo Galilei | Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo (page with marginal note, 1 image) | 1632 |
| Galileo Galilei | Two New Sciences (3 images; see also these 8 images) | 1638 |
| Galileo Galilei | Operation of the Geometrical and Military Compass (2 images) | 1640 (1606 original) |
| Galileo Galilei | Della Scienza Mecanica (7 images) | 1655 |
| Galileo Galilei | Opere (Collected Works, 2 images) | 1656 |
| Galileo Galilei | The Systeme of the World in Four Dialogues, trans. by Salusbury (1 image) | 1661 |
| Galois, Évariste | Abhandlungen über der Algebraische Auflösung der Gleichungen (3 images) | 1889 (1828–1832 originals) |
| Galois, Évariste | Oeuvres (2 images) | 1897 |
| Garfield, James A. | Proof of the Pythagorean Theorem (8 images) | 1876 |
| Gauss, Carl Friedrich | Recherches Arithmétiques (trans. by Poullet-Delisle, 5 images) | 1807 (1801 original) |
| Geijsbeek, John Bart | Ancient Double-Entry Bookkeeping (3 images) | 1914 |
| Gerbert of Aurillac | Isagoge Geometriae (5 images) | 12th century (ca 1000 CE original) |
| Gerbert of Aurillac | French and English manuscripts (3 images) | 12th and 13th centuries |
| Gerbillon, J.F., and J. Bouvet | Ji he yuan ben (Elements of Geometry, 3 images) | 1690s |
| Germain, Sophie | Recherches sur la théorie des surfaces élastiques (5 images) | 1821 |
| Ghaligai, Francesco | Practica d'Arithmetica (3 images) | 1552 |
| Gibbs, Josiah Willard | Wilson's Vector Analysis (5 images) | 1901 |
| Gill, Charles | Mathematical Miscellany (3 images) | 1836 |
| Giovanni | Libro sopra aristmetricha (2 images) | 1422 |
| Giulio Carlo di Fagnano | Produzione Matematiche (3 images) | 1750 |
| Goursat, Édouard and Paul Appell | Théorie des fonctions algébriques et de leurs intégrales (4 images) | 1895 |
| Goursat, Édouard | A Course in Mathematical Analysis, Vol. I (English trans. by Earle Hedrick, 4 images) | 1904 (1902 original) |
| Graham, John |
The Farmers’ and Mechanics’ Assistant or Companion, or A New System of Decimal Arithmetic (3 images) |
1824 |
| Graunt, John | Early Statistics on Mortality (3 images) | 1662 |
| Green, George | Mathematical Papers (2 images) | 1871 |
| Green, Joshua | U.S. College Mathematics (copybooks, 6 images) | 1782 |
| Greenleaf, Benjamin | Common School Arithmetic (2 images) | 1855 |
| Gregory, David | Commentary on Euclid's Elements (2 images) | 1703 |
| Gregory, David | A Treatise of Practical Geometry (4 images) | 1745 |
| Gregory, Olinthus | Mathematics for Practical Men (6 images) | 1836 (1825 original) |
| Grunow, William and Julius | Grunow spherometer (1 image) | 1860s |
| Grynäus, Simon | First Printed Greek Euclid's Elements (2 images) | 1533 |
| Gunter, Edmund | Description and Use of the Sector, Cross-staff and other Instruments (3 images) | 1636 (1624 original) |
| Gutiérrez de Gualdi, Juan | Arte breve ... de ... arithmetica (1 image) | 1564 (1539 original) |
| Guyot, [first name unknown] | Nouvelles récréations physiques et mathématiques (5 images) | 1786 (1769 original) |
| Hadamard, Jacques | Leçons sur le calcul des variations (3 images) | 1910 |
| Halcken, Paul | Deliciae Mathematicae (6 images) | 1719 |
| Halley, Edmund | Conics of Apollonius (2 images) | 1710 |
| Halliwell, James | Rara Mathematica (6 images) | 1839 |
| Hamilton, William Rowan | Lectures on Quaternions (3 images) | 1853 |
| Hamilton, William Rowan | Elements of Quaternions (3 images) | 1866 |
| Hankel, Hermann | History of Mathematics (1 image) | 1874 |
| Hansford, Hugh | Ciphering book (1 image) | 1818 |
| Hardy, Claude | Euclidis Data (1 image) | 1625 |
| Hardy, G. H. | Orders of Infinity (3 images) | 1910 |
| Hardy, G. H. | A Course in Pure Mathematics (8 images) | 1921 (1908 original) |
| Harkness, James and Frank Morley | A Treatise on the Theory of Functions (11 images) | 1893 |
| Harriot, Thomas | Artis analyticae praxis (2 images; see also these 6 images) | 1631 |
| Harris, Thaddeus Mason | Cyphering book on Duodecimals (3 images) | late 18th century |
| Hatton, Edward | The Merchant’s Magazine or Trades Man’s Treasury (4 images) | 1707 (1701 original) |
| Hatton, Edward | Entire System of Arithmetic (1 image) | 1721 |
| Hatton, Edward | Mathematical Manual (6 images) | 1728 |
| Hawney, William | Complete Measurer (14th Eng. ed., 3rd Amer. ed., 6 images) | 1775/1813 |
| Heaviside, Oliver | Electromagnetic Theory (13 images) | 1893–1912 |
| Heilbronner, Johann Christoph | History of Mathematics (2 images) | 1742 |
| Heins, Valentin | Tyrocinium mercatorio-arithmeticum (8 images) | 1726 (1684 original) |
| Hell, Maximilian | Elementa arithmeticae (1 image) | 1768 |
| Hemeling, Johann | Selbstlehrende Rechenschul (3 images) | ca 1663 (1655 original) |
| Hemeling, Johann | Neugemehrtes Selbstlehrende Rechenschul (3 images) | 1678 (1655 original) |
| Hemeling, Johann | Kleines Rechenbuch (8 images) | 1817 (mid-17th century original) |
| Henrion, Denis (see also Hérigone, Pierre) | Memoires Mathematiques Recueillis et Dressez (2 images) | 1613 |
| Henrion, Denis (translator) | Les Trois Livres des Elemens Spheriques de Theodose Tripolitain (4 images) | 1615 |
| Henrion, Denis | Use of the Proportional Compass (2 images) | 1631 (1st ed. 1618) |
| Henrion, Denis | Collection, ... d'arithmetique, d'algebre (11 images) | 1621 |
| Henrion, Denis | L'Usage du Mecometre (2 images) | 1630 |
| Herth, Georg | Engraving of the French Academy of Sciences (1 image) | ca 1790 |
| Henry, Charles, and Paul Tannery | Oeuvres de Fermat, Vol. I (3 images) | 1891 |
| Hérigone, Pierre (see also Henrion, Denis) | Cursus mathematicus (3 images) | 1644 (2nd ed.) |
| Herlin, Christian, and Conrad Dasypodius | Geometric Analysis of the First Six Books of Euclid (1 image) | 1566 |
| Hermite, Charles | Cours d'Analyse (4 images) | 1873 |
| Hermite, Charles | Sur quelques applications des fonctions elliptiques (2 images) | 1885 |
| Hermite, Charles | Œuvres (vol. 1, 1 image) | 1905 |
| Hero (or Heron) of Alexandria | Commentary on Euclid's Elements (2 images) | 16th century (1st century original) |
| Heuraet, Hendrick van | Rectification of Curves (3 images) | 1659 |
| Hevelius, Johannes | Cometographia (2 images) | 1668 |
| Hevelius, Johannes | Machina coelestis (2 images) | 1673 |
| Hewlett-Packard | HP28S Handheld Electronic Calculator (1 image) | 1988 |
| Hilbert, David | Die Theorie der algebraischen Zahlkörper (4 images; see also 1 image of the 1913 French translation) | 1897 |
| Hilbert, David | “Die logischen Grundlagen der Mathematik” (3 images) | 1922 |
| Hilbert and Bernays | Grundlagen der Mathematik (3 images) | 1934 |
| Hilbert and Bernays | Mathematischen Wissenschaften (2 images) | 1939 |
| Hill, Francis George | Development of Arabic Numerals in Europe (3 images) | 1915 |
| Hill, John | Arithmetick Both in the Theory and Practice (4 images) | 1772 (11th ed.) |
| Hill, Thomas | Key-driven adding machine (patent model, 1 image) | 1857 |
| Hirschvogel, Augustin | Geometria (6 images) | 1543 |
| bar Hiyya, Abraham | Sphaera Mundi (7 images) | 1546 (11th or 12th cent. original) |
| Hobson, Ernest | Theory of Functions of a Real Variable (8 images) | 1921 (1907 original) |
| Hodder, James | Arithmetick (1 image) | 1719 (1661 original) |
| Hogarth, William | The Importance of Knowing Perspective (1 image) | 1754 |
| Hojiroya Shōeman | Japanese temple sangaku (1 image) | 1854 |
| Hollerith, Herman | Scientific American article on tabulating machine and U.S. census (3 images) | 1890 |
| Holyday, Barten | Decimus Junius Juvenalis and Aulus Persius Flaccus (2 images) | 1673 |
| Honoratus | Opus arithmetica (2 images) | ca 1560 |
| Hoppus, Edward | Hoppus's Tables for Measuring (1 image) | 1837 (1736 original) |
| Hosaka Nobuyoshi | Japanese temple sangaku (1 image) | 1800 |
| Houghton Mifflin Company | Number line (2 images) | ca 1972 |
| Hoüel, Jules | Eléments de la théorie des quaternions (3 images) | 1874 |
| Henry Hughes & Son | Captain Field's Improved Hinged Parallel Rule (1 image) | 1923 |
| Hulsius, Levinus | Theoria Et Praxis Quadrantis Geometrici (3 images) | 1594 |
| Hulsius, Levinus | Tractat der Mechanischen Instrumenten (vol. 2, 3 images) | 1603–1604 |
| Hulsius, Levinus | Tractat der Mechanischen Instrumenten (vol. 3, 3 images) | 1604 |
| Humboldt, Alexander von | Codex Mexicanus of the Maya (1 image) | 1814 (12th cent. original) |
| Hutchinson, John Irwin and Virgil Snyder | Differential and Integral Calculus (7 images) | 1902 |
| Hutton, Charles | Mathematical Tables (4th ed., 1 image) | 1804 |
| Hutton, Charles | Tracts on (Applied) Mathematical Subjects (2 images) | 1812 |
| Hutton, Charles | Philosophical and Mathematical Dictionary (7 images) | 1815 |
| Hutton, Charles | Course of Mathematics (3rd American ed., 8 images) | 1818 (1st Am. ed. 1812) |
| Huygens, Christiaan | De circuli magnitude inventa (1 image) | 1654 |
| Huygens, Christiaan | Horologium Oscillatorium (4 images) | 1673 |
| Huygens, Christiaan | Traite de la Lumiere (Treatise on Light, 3 images) | 1690 |
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| Iamblichus the Chaldaean | Greek translation of the Introduction to Arithmetic of Nicomachus of Gerasa (4 images) | 1668 Latin translation of 3rd century original |
| Ibn al-Bannāʾ, Abū'l Abbās Ahmad | Lifting of the Veil in the Operations of Calculation (Arabic) (1 image) | 18th cent. copy of ca 1500 commentary on ca 1300 original |
| Ibn al-Hāʼim, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad | Kitāb al-nuzah (Book of Delights) (3 images) | 1506-07 copy of ca 1400 original |
| Ibn Ayyub, Abu Abd al-Rahman Ya’qub | Commentary on arithmetic (3 images) | 1445 copy of 14th-cent. original |
| Ibn Gāzī, Muhammad | The Desire of the Students for an Explanation of the Calculator's Craving (Arabic) (2 images) | 18th cent. copy of ca 1500 commentary on ca 1300 original |
| Ibn Ḥunayn, Isḥāq | Arabic translation of Euclid's Elements (1 image) | 1466 (9th century original) |
| Ibn Luyūn al-Tujībī, Saʻd ibn Aḥmad | Didactic poem on surveying and measurement of areas (2 images) | 14th century |
| Iesaki Yoshiyuki | Gomei sanpo (4 images) | 1826 |
| Isadore of Seville | Etymologia (2 images) | 1265 |
| Jacob, Simon | Rechenbuch (7 images) | 1565/1599 |
| Jacobi, Carl | Opuscula mathematica (Vol. I, 5 images) | 1846 |
| Jamnitzer, Wenzel | Perspectiva corporum regularium (Platonic solids, 11 images) | 1568 |
| Jazarī, Ḥaydar ibn 'Abd al-Raḥmān | Risālah fī al-ʻamal bi'l-asṭurlāb (1 image) | 1726 |
| Jefferson, Thomas | Construction of Octagon (1 image) | 18th-19th centuries |
| Jess, Zachariah, et al | American Tutor's Assistant (2nd ed., 3 images) |
1794 (1st ed. 1791) |
| Jevons, William Stanley | Pure Logic or the Logic of Quality Apart from Quantity (4 images) | 1864 |
| Jevons, William Stanley | Logic piano (mechanical computer) (1 image) | 1869 |
| Jones, John B. | Cherokee-English Arithmetic (5 images) | 1870 |
| Jones, William | Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos (6 images) | 1706 |
| Johnson, Crockett | Mathematical paintings (2 images) | 1965 and 1968 |
| Jordan, Camille | Treatise on Substitution and Algebraic Equations (5 images) | 1870 |
| Jordanus de Nemore | Arithmetica (2 images) | (13th century original) |
| Jordanus de Nemore | De triangulis (3 images) | 14th century or later (13th century original) |
| Jullien, A. | Models for Descriptive Geometry (2 images) | ca 1880 |
| Jurin, James | A defence of Sir Isaac Newton (2 images) | 1734 |
| Kandlern, Johann | Arithmetica (2 images) | 1578 |
| Karpinski, Louis Charles, and David Eugene Smith | The Hindu-Arabic Numerals (6 images) | 1911 |
| Karsten, W. J. G. | Theoretical Mathematics (4 images) | 1760 |
| Kästner, Abraham | Foundations of Mathematics (in German, 1 image) | 1764 |
| Kaye, George R. | Indian Mathematics (2 images) | 1915 |
| Keckermann, Bartholomäus | Compendium of Mathematics (3 images) | 1661 (1617 original) |
| Keckermann, Bartholomäus | Systema compendiosum totius mathematices (4 images) | 1621 (1617 original) |
| Keeney, Barnaby C. (owner) | Artillery trigonometer (1 image) | ca 1942 |
| Kegel, Johann Michael | Neu-Vermehrte Arithmetica Vulgaris, et Practica Italica (2 images) | 1696 |
| Keill, John | Elements of [Plane] and Spherical Trigonometry (1 image) | 1726 English translation of 1715 Latin original |
| Keill, John | Euclid’s Elements of Geometry (2nd ed., 4 images) | 1728 (1723 original) |
| Keill, John | Euclid's Elements and other works (12th ed., 1 image) | 1782 (1723 original) |
| Kepler, Johann | Mysterium cosmographicum (2 images) | 1596 |
| Kepler, Johann | Astronomia nova (3 images) | 1609 |
| Kepler, Johann | Strena seu de Nive Sexangular (3 images) | 1611 |
| Kepler, Johann | Uralten messekunst Archimedes (1 image) | 1616 |
| Kepler, Johann | Epitome of Copernican Astronomy (2 images) | 1619 |
| Kepler, Johann | Harmonices mundi (Harmony of the Worlds, 11 images; see also these 14 images) | 1619 |
| Kepler, Johann | Chilias Logarithmoria (1 image) | 1624 |
| Kepler, Johann | Tychonis Brahie Dani Hyperaspistes (2 images) | 1625 |
| Kepler, Johann | Rudolphine Tables (3 images; see also these 2 images) | 1627 |
| Kersey, John | The Elements of ... Algebra (11 images) | 1673 |
| Khayyam, Omar | Algebra (1 image) | (Original dates to ~1100) |
| Keuffel & Esser | Trammel Ellipsograph (1 image) | ca 1930 |
| Kidjel, Maurice | Proportional dividers (1 image) | ca 1962 |
| Klein, Felix | Nicht-Euklidische Geometrie (Non-Euclidean Geometry, 3 images) | 1892-1893 |
| Klein, Felix | Famous Problems of Elementary Geometry (2 images) | 1897 |
| Klein, Felix | Mathematischen Wissenschaften (2 images) | 1924 |
| Kneiff, Hugolinus | Mathematisches Übungsbuch (8 images) | 1614 |
| Köbel, Jacob | Book on the Astrolabe (Astrolabii declaratio) (1 image) | 1532 |
| Köbel, Jacob | Eyn new geordnet vysirbuch (7 images) | 1515 |
| Köbel, Jacob | Geometrei (4 images; see also these 4 images from a 1608 edition) | 1535 |
| Köbel, Jacob | Rechenbuch (6 images) | 1537 (1514 original) |
| Kovalevskaya, Sofia | “Theorie der partiellen Differentialgleichungen” (3 images) | 1875 |
| Kraus, Elias | Pandectae & Digesta Arithmetices (1 image) | 1722 |
| Krauwinckel, Hans | Jetons for counting board (3 images) | ca 1490–1635 |
| Kronecker, Leopold | Werke (vol. I, 5 images) | 1895 |
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| Lacroix, Sylvestre | Élémens de Géométrie descriptive (3rd ed., 3 images) | 1808 (1795 original) |
| Lacroix, Sylvestre | Traité élémentaire d'Arithmétique (9th ed., 2 images) | 1810 (1797 original) |
| Lacroix, Sylvestre | Traité Élémentaire de Trigonométrie rectiliagne et Sphérique (2 images) | 1803 (1798 original) |
| Lacroix, Sylvestre | Élémens de Géométrie (6th ed., 3 images) | 1810 (1799 original) |
| Lacroix, Sylvestre | Complément des Élémens d’Algébre (3 images) | 1804 (1800 original) |
| Lacroix, Sylvestre | Élémens d'Algèbre (9th ed., 2 images; see also these 5 images from the 1825 14th ed.) | 1811 (1800 original) |
| Lacroix, Sylvestre | Traité des Différences et des Séries (5 images) | 1800 |
| Lacroix, Sylvestre | Traité Élémentaire de Calcul Différentiel et de Calcul Intégral (3 images) | 1802 |
| Lacroix, Sylvestre | Differential and Integral Calculus (1st English ed., 5 images) | 1816 (1802 French original) |
| Lacroix, Sylvestre | Essais sur l’enseignement en général: et sur celui des mathématiques en particulier (4th ed., 3 images; see also these 4 images from the 2nd ed. in 1816) | 1838 (1st ed. 1805) |
| Lacroix, Sylvestre | Calculus of Probability (2 images) | 1816 |
| Lacroix, Sylvestre | Elementary Treatise on Plain and Spherical Trigonometry (2nd ed., 4 images; see also these 5 images) | 1826 (1820 original) |
| Lacroix, Sylvestre | Algebra (in English, 3 images) | 1825 |
| Lagrange, Joseph-Louis | Analytical Mechanics (2 images) | 1788 |
| Lagrange, Joseph-Louis | Théorie des Fonctions Analytiques (3 images) | 1813 (1797 original) |
| Lagrange, Joseph-Louis | Traité de la Résolution des Equations Numérique (7 images) | 1808 (1798 original) |
| Lamb, Horace | An Elementary Course of Infinitesimal Calculus (6 images) | 1934 (1897 original) |
| Lambert, Johann | Zusätze … Tabellen (Additions to Logarithmic and Trigonometric Tables) (1 image) | 1770 |
| Lamy, Bernard | Ouvrages de mathematique (6 images) | 1734 |
| Landen, John | Residual Analysis (10 images) | 1758 |
| Langlois, Claude | Set square (2 images) | ca 1750 |
| Langsdorf, Karl Christian von | Explanations of Kästner’s Analysis of Finite Quantities (2 images) | 1776-77 |
| Lansberge, Philip | Tabulae motuum coelestium perpetuae (1 image) | 1632 |
| Lansberge, Philip | In Quadrantem tum Astronomicum (1 image) | 1635 |
| Laplace, Pierre-Simon | Celestial Mechanics (5 images) | 1799/1818/1829 |
| Laplace, Pierre-Simon | École Polytechnique mathematics curriculum (3 images) | 1812 |
| Laplace, Pierre-Simon | Théorie Analytique des Probabilités (4 images) | 1812 |
| Laplace, Pierre-Simon | Celestial Mechanics (in English, 2 images) | 1831 |
| Laplace, Pierre-Simon | Oeuvres complètes de Laplace, Vol. I (2 images) | 1878 |
| La Roche, Estienne de | Larismetique (3 images) | 1520 |
| Lauremberg, Johannes Wilhelm | Gromaticae Liber Tres (2 images) | 1640 |
| Lauremberg, Peter | Institutiones Arithmeticae (3 images) | 1698 (1621 original) |
| Leadbeater, J. | The Gentleman and Tradesman’s Compleat Assistant (6 images) | 1769 (1768 original) |
| Lebesgue, Henri | Leçons sur l'intégration (1 image) | 1904 |
| LeDuke, John | Arithmetical Questions (3 images) | 1663 |
| Lee, Chauncey | The American Accomptant (2 images) | 1797 |
| Legendre, Adrien-Marie | Éléments de Géométrie (3 images; see also these 4 images and 2 images and 5 images of English translations) | 1800 (1794 original) |
| Legendre, Adrien-Marie | Essai sur la Théorie des Nombres (4 images) | 1808 |
| Legendre, Adrien-Marie | Exercises de Calcul Intégral, Vol. III (2 images) | 1816 |
| Le Gendre, François | L'Arithmetique en sa Perfection (6 images) | 1690 (1657 original) |
| Lehmer, Derek N. | Factor Stencil Punch Cards (1 image) | 1939 |
| Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm | Dissertation de Arte Combinatoria (2 images) | 1666 |
| Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm | Stepped Reckoner (1 image) | 1671 |
| Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm | Letter to Christiaan Huygens (2 images) | 1674 (published 1859) |
| Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm | Nova methodus pro maximis et minimis ... (differential calculus, complete text, 10 images) | 1684 |
| Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm | De geometria recondite et analysi indivisibilium atque infinitorum ... (integral calculus, complete text, 11 images) | 1686 |
| Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm | Supplementum geometrie dimensore ... (Fundamental Theorem, complete text, 10 images) | 1693 |
| Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm | Correspondence with Johannes Bernoulli (7 images) | 1694–1699 (published 1745) |
| Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm | “Responsio Addn. [Nicolas Fatio’s] Imputaziones” (3 images) | 1700 |
| Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm | Explanation of Binary Numbers (6 images) | 1703 |
| Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm | Opera Omnia (6 images) | 1768 |
| Leonardo of Pisa (see Fibonacci) | ||
| Leonardo da Vinci | Sketches for Luca Pacioli's De divina proportione (15 images) | 1509 |
| Lepine, Jean | Adding Machine (1 image) | 1725 |
| Leslie, John | Elements of Geometry and Plane Trigonometry (13 images) | 1817 (1809 original) |
| Leupold, Jacob | Theatrum arithmetico-geometricum (9 images) | 1774 (1727 original) |
| Leurechon (or Leurochon), Jean |
Leurechon's Mathematicall Recreations (1st English ed., 5 images) |
1633 (1st French ed. 1624, 1st English ed. 1633) |
| Leurechon (or Leurochon), Jean |
Mathematicall Recreations (3rd English ed., 2 images) |
1674 (1st French ed. 1624, 1st English ed. 1633) |
| Leybourn, William | The Compleat Surveyor (1 image) | 1653 |
| Leybourn, William | Cursus Mathematicus (3 images) | 1690 |
| Leybourn, William | Description and Use of ... Gunter's Quadrant (1 image) | 1731 |
| Leybourn, Thomas | Mathematical Questions Proposed in the Ladies’ Diary (8 images) | 1817 |
| l'Hospital, Guillaume Francois de | Analyse des Infiniment Petits (5 images; see also these 14 images) | 1696 |
| l'Hospital, Guillaume Francois de | Traité Analytique des Sections Coniques (7 images) | 1776 |
| L'Huilier, Simon | Exposition élémentaire des principes des calculs supérieurs (4 images) | 1786 |
| L'Huilier, Simon | Élemens raisonnés d’algèbre (5 images) | 1804 |
| L'Huilier, Simon | Élémens d’analyse géométrique et d’analyse algébrique (4 images) | 1809 |
| Li Shanlan and Alexander Wylie | A New Mathematics Curriculum for China (10 images) | 1853/1859 |
| Li Shanlan and Alexander Wylie | Euclid's Elements for China (3 images) | 1865 |
| Li Shanlan | Collected Mathematical Works (7 images) | 1867/1887 |
| Li Shanlan | Photograph with modern mathematics students (1 image) | 1868–1870 |
| Li Zhizao | Hun gai tong xian tu shuo (Illustrated Explanation of the Sphere and Astrolabe, based on Clavius’ Astrolabium, 3 images) | 1605–1607 |
| Li Zhizao and Matteo Ricci | Yuan rong jiao yi(Treatise on Geometry, 3 images) | 1847 (1608 original) |
| Lie, Marius Sophus, et al. | First Scandinavian Mathematics Journal (4 images) | 1876 |
| Lie, Marius Sophus | Gesammelte Abhandlungen, Vol. I (3 images) | 1934 |
| Lincoln, Abraham | Cyphering book (3 images) | ca 1825 |
| Lindemann, Ferdinand | Clebsch's Vorlesungen über geometrie (3 images) | 1876 |
| Liouville, Joseph | Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées (3 images from first volume; see also these 6 images from 1876 and 1922 vols.) | 1836 |
| Liu Hui | Jiuzhang suanshu (Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art) (1 image) | 1603 (ca 250 CE original) |
| Liu Hui | Sankei kyusho (Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art, 3 images) | 17th–19th century |
| Lobachevski, Nikolai | Theorie der Parallellinien (1 image) | 1840 |
| Lobachevski, Nikolai | Geometric Researches on the Theory of Parallels (3 images) | 1914 (1891 trans. from 1840 German) |
| Loomis, Elias | Elements of Analytical Geometry and Differential and Integral Calculus (4 images) | 1858 (1835 original) |
| Lörer, Johann | Nova Instrumentum Geometricum Perfectum (2 images) | 1616 |
| Lörer, Johann | Planemetrische Beschreibung (5 images) | 1616 |
| Lorini, Buonaiuto | Delle Fortificationi (5 images) | 1597 (1592 original) |
| Lovelace, Ada | Notes on ... the Analytic Engine (9 images) | 1843 |
| Lowthorp, John | The Philosophical Transactions and Collections, to the Year 1700 (4 images) | 1731 (1655–1700 original) |
| Lucas, Edouard | Theory of Numbers (6 images) | 1891 |
| Luders, Theodoric | Traicté Mathematique (3 images) | 1680 |
| Ludlam, William | Rudiments of Mathematics (5 images) | 1809 (1785 original) |
| Louys, Sebastianus David | Gheometria oft de konste van Landt te meten (5 images) | 1681 |
| Lydal, Thomas | Vulgar and Decimal Arithmetic (1 image) | 1710 |
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| Mach, Ernst | Space and Geometry (2 images) | 1906 |
| Maclaurin, Colin | Signature with portrait (1 image) | early 18th century (portrait 1814) |
| Maclaurin, Colin | Geometria Organica (2 images) | 1720 |
| Maclaurin, Colin | Treatise on Fluxions (4 images) | 1742 |
| Maclaurin, Colin | Treatise of Algebra (6th ed., 4 images) | 1796 (1748 original) |
| Maclaurin, Colin | Treatise on Fluxions (2nd ed., 8 images) | 1801 (1742 original) |
| Magnitsky, Leonty | Arithmetika (Russian) (3 images) | 1703 |
| Mahāvīrā | Ganita-sāra-sangraha (English and Sanskrit translations, 4 images) | 1912 (9th-century original) |
| Malcolm, Alexander | New Treatise of Arithmetick and Book-keeping (3 images) | 1718 |
| Malcolm, Alexander | New System of Arithmetick (3 images) | 1730 |
| Malconet, Jacob | Selbst-Lehrende Geometrie (5 images) | 1700 |
| Mandey, Venterus | Synopsis Mathematica Universalis (1 image) | 1729 (1702 original) |
| Marchesi, Giovanni Demenico | Handbook of Commercial Arithmetic (10 images) | 1578 |
| Marchetti, Alessandro | Problemata sex à Leidensi quodam surveyor Christophoro Sadlerio (4 images) | 1675 |
| Marolois, Samuel | Three volumes: Geometria, Fortification, and Perspectiva (3 images) | 1629 |
| Martinez Población, Juan | De Vsv Astrolabi Compendivm (4 images) | 1553 (1518 original) |
| Mascheroni, Lorenzo | La Geometria del Compasso (3 images) | 1797 |
| Maseres, Francis | Doctrine of Permutations and Combinations (3 images; see also these 3 images) | 1795 |
| Maseres, Francis | Resolution of Cubick and Biquadratic Equations (4 images) | 1803 |
| Matsunaga Yoshisuke | Shoho kongen (5 images) | 17th –19th century |
| Mattel, Inc. | Teen Talk Barbie (1 video) | 1992 |
| Maurolico, Francesco | Opuscula mathematica : nunc primum in lucem edita (4 images) | 1575 |
| Maurolico, Francesco | Messanensis, Emendatio, et restitutio conicorum Apollonij Pergaei (1 image) | 1654 |
| Mauromatti, Teodoro | Fortification and Artillery on Corfu (4 images) | 1749 |
| Maxwell, James Clerk | A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism (4 images) | 1873 |
| Mayer, Tobias | Mathematischer Atlas (4 images) | 1745 |
| McMillan, Loraine | Number line (2 images) | by 1972 |
| Medler, Nicolaus | Rudimenta arithmeticae (1 image) | 1550 (1543 original) |
| Mengoli, Pietro | Geometriae speciosae elementa (1 image) | 1659 |
| Mercator, Nicolaus | Logarithmotechnia (3 images) | 1668 |
| Metius, Adriaan (Adriaan Adriaanszoon) | Institutio geographica (4 images) | 1624 |
| Metius, Adriaan (Adriaan Adriaanszoon) | Arithmetica et Geometriae (3 images) | 1626 (1625 original) |
| Metius, Adriaan (Adriaan Adriaanszoon) | Manuale arithmetice et geometrie practice (14 images) | 1634 |
| Michael of Rhodes | Journal or Manuscript (5 images) | 1434 |
| Milne, William J. | First Lessons in Arithmetic (4 images) | 1878 |
| Minkowski, Hermann | Geometrie der Zahlen (6 images) | 1910 |
| Minkowski, Hermann | Collected Papers (in German, 7 images) | 1911 |
| Mintzer, Edith Dummer | Boole Senior Blocks (1 image) | ca 1935 |
| Mittag-Leffler, Gösta | Acta Mathematica (12 images) | 1882 |
| Mobius, August Ferdinand | Calculus of Centers of Gravity (1 image) | 1827 |
| Monge, Gaspard | Application de l’Analyse a la Géométrie (2 images) | 1809 (1807 original) |
| Monge, Gaspard | Applications de L’Analyse a la Géométrie (1 image) | 1850 (1807 original) |
| Monge, Gaspard | Darstellende Geometrie (5 images) | 1900 (1798 original) |
| del Monte, Guidobaldo | Perspectiva (5 images) | 1600 |
| Montecuccoli, Raimondo | Memorie della guerra (5 images) | 1697, 1704, 18th century (ca 1661 original) |
| Montucla, Jean-Étienne | Histoire des Mathématiques (2 images) | 1799-1802 |
| Montucla, Jean-Étienne | Histoire des Recherches sur la Quadratur du Cercle (3 images) | 1831 (1754 original) |
| Moore, Jonas | Arithmetick in Four Books (5 images) | 1650/1688 |
| Moore, Jonas | A Mathematical Compendium (3 images) | 1681 (1674 original) |
| Moore, Jonas | New Systeme of Mathematicks (5 images) | 1681 |
| Morland, Samuel | The Description and Use of Two Arithmetick Instruments (11 images) | 1673 |
| Morley, Frank and James Harkness | A Treatise on the Theory of Functions (11 images) | 1893 |
| Moxon, Joseph | Mathematical Dictionary, or Mathematicks Made Easy (2 images) | 1679 |
| Müller, John | Elements of Mathematics (4 images) | 1765 (1748 original) |
| Müller, Johannes (Regiomontanus) | Epitome of Ptolemy's Almagest (4 images; see also these 5 images) | 1496 |
| Müller, Johannes (Regiomontanus) | On Triangles (2 images) | 1533 |
| Müller, Johann(es) (Regiomontanus) | In Ptolemaei magnam compositionem (Ptolemy’s Almagest, 6 images) | 1550 |
| Münster, Sebastian | Fürmalung vnd künstlich Beschreibung der Horologien (3 images) | 1537 |
| Münster, Sebastian | Rvdimenta Mathematica (4 images) | 1551 |
| Murai Chuzen |
Sanpo dojimon (Questions Children Ask About Mathematics, 7 images) |
1784 |
| Muscarello, Pietro Paolo | Algorismus (12 images) | ca. 1478 |
| Mydorge, Claude | Recreational Mathematics (1 image) | 1639 |
| Napier, John | Mirifici logarithmorum (3 images) | 1614 |
| Napier, John | Rabdologiae (6 images) | 1617 |
| Napier, John | Set of Napier rods or bones (1 image) | 17th century |
| Napier, John | A Declaration of the Admirable Table of Logarithmes (3 images) | 1618 |
| Napier, John | Portraits of Napier (2 images) | 1787, 1834 |
| Napier, John | De Arte Logistica (2 images) | published 1839 |
| National Cash Register Company | Class 3000 Bookkeeping Machine (1 image) | 1938 |
| Neudörffer, Johann | Rechenbüchlein (4 images) | ca 1530 |
| Newcomb, Simon | American Journal of Mathematics (6 images) | 1878 |
| Newton, Isaac | Analysis per quantitatum series, fluxiones ac differentias (4 images) | 1711 |
| Newton, Isaac | Artis analyticae specimina : sive, Geometria analytica (5 images) | ca 1710 (1670–1671 original) |
| Newton, Isaac | Collected Works (5 images) | 1779 |
| Newton, Isaac | Compilation of works and correspondence (7 images) | 1711 |
| Newton, Isaac | Method of Fluxions (5 images) | 1736 |
| Newton, Isaac | La Methode des Fluxions ... owned by De Morgan (1 image) | 1740 |
| Newton, Isaac | Principia Mathematica (5 images) | 1687 |
| Newton, Isaac | Principia Mathematica (3 images; see also these 3 images) | 1714 (1687 original) |
| Newton, Isaac | Principia Mathematica (1 image) | 1726 (1687 original) |
| Newton, Isaac | Principia Mathematica (with commentary, 6 images) | 1739–1742 |
| Newton, Isaac | Principes Mathématiques (French translation by Émilie du Châtelet, 5 images) | 1759 (1687 original) |
| Newton, Isaac | Principia Mathematica (English translation by Andrew Motte, 12 images; see also these 3 images) | 1846 (1729 original) |
| Newton, Isaac | John Stewart textbook on quadrature (7 images) | 1745 |
| Newton, Isaac | The System of the World (3 images) | 1740 (1728 original) |
| Newton, Isaac | Universal Arithmetick (4 images) | 1769 (Latin original 1720) |
| Newton, John | Cosmographia (2 images) | 1694 |
| Nicéron, Jean François | La Perspective Curieuse (2 images) | 1663 (1638 original) |
| Nicolas, Gaspar | Tratado da Prática D'arismetyca (7 images) | 1519 |
| Nicollet, Joseph Nicolas | Traité elémentaire [et] synthétique des sections coniques (student notes) (4 images) | 1809 |
| Nicomachus of Gerasa | Introduction to Pythagorean Arithmetic (Greek, 6 images) | 14th cent. copy (2nd cent. original) |
| Nicomachus of Gerasa | Introduction to Arithmetic (4 images) | 1668 Latin trans. of 3rd cent. Greek trans. of 2nd cent. original |
| Nightingale, Florence | Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army and contributions to Mortality of the British Army (5 images) | 1858 |
| Nightingale, Florence | Letter to American Statistical Association (1 image) | 1875 |
| Nigroni, Giovanna Battista | Manuscript on Area and Volume (7 images) | 1675 |
| Nilakantha Somayaji | Tantrasangraha (1 image) | 1501 |
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| Ochoa de Samaniego, Francisco | Arismetica guarisma (1 image) | 1644 |
| Ockerlund, Nels | Combination ruler, protractor, and calculating device (1 image) | 1870 |
| Omerique, Antonio Hugo | Analysis geometrica (4 images) | 1698 |
| Osborne, Thomas | Treatise on Arithmetic (11 images) | 1602 |
| Oughtred, William | Clavis mathematicae (The Key to Mathematics) (5 images) | 1631 |
| Oughtred, William | Clavis mathematicae (3 images) | 1667 (1631 original) |
| Oughtred, William | The Key to the Mathematicks (English translation of Clavis mathematicae, 11 images) | 1647 |
| Oughtred, William | The Key to the Mathematicks (section on notation, 5 images) | 1647 |
| Oughtred, William | The Circles of Proportion (trans. by William Forster, 1 image) | 1632 |
| Oughtred, William | To the English gentrie (1 image) | 1633 |
| Oughtred, William | Elementi Decimi Euclidis Declaratio (Euclid Clarified, 2 images; see also these 8 images) | 1662 |
| Oughtred, William | Theorematum in Libris Archimedis de Sphaera & Cylindro Declaratio (3 images) | 1663 |
| Ozanam, Jacques | La géométrie pratique (2 images) | 1684 |
| Ozanam, Jacques | Dictionaire mathematique (5 images) | 1691 |
| Ozanam, Jacques | Cours de mathematique (6 images of French original and 6 images of English translation) | 1693 (1712 translation) |
| Ozanam, Jacques | Récréations mathématiques et physiques (3 images) | 1698 (1694 original) |
| Ozanam, Jacques | La Trigonometrie Rectiligne et Spherique (2 images) | 1741 |
| Pacioli, Luca | Summa de arithmetica, geometria, ... (5 images; see also these 5 images and these 3 images) | 1494 |
| Pacioli, Luca | De divina proportione (Da Vinci's illustrations of Platonic solids, 15 images; see also these 2 images and these 3 images and these 3 images) | 1509 |
| Pacioli, Luca | Elements of Euclid (7 images; see also these 7 images) | 1509 |
| Panchaud, Benjamin | Mathematical Lessons or Interviews (2 images) | 1743 |
| Pardies, Ignace Gaston | Elements de geometrie (in Chinese, 3 images) | 1690s (1671 original) |
| Pardies, Ignace Gaston | Short but Plain Elements of Geometry and Plain Trigonometry (9 images) | 1701 (1671 original) |
| Partridge, Seth | Description and Use of an Instrument Called the Double Scale of Proportion (2 images) | 1692 (1671 original) |
| Pascal, Blaise | Pascal's Calculator, or Pascaline (1 image) | 1645 |
| Pascal, Blaise | Oeuvres de Pascal, Vol. I (2 images) | 1779 |
| Paul, Jeremiah, et al | American Tutor's Assistant (2nd ed., 3 images) | 1794 (1st ed. 1791) |
| Pavlovich, Khristaki | Bulgarian Arithmetic (4 images) | 1833 |
| Peacock, George | Treatise on Algebra (5 images) | 1830 |
| Peano , Giuseppe | Arithmetices Principia (2 images) | 1889 |
| Peano, Guiseppe | Geometric (Vector) Calculus (in German, 2 images) | 1891 (1888 Ital. original) |
| Peano, Guiseppe | Formulaire de Mathématiques (6 images) | 1901 |
| Peck, William and Charles Davies | Mathematical Cyclopedia (2 images) | 1872 |
| Peckham (or Pecham), John | Perspectiva (3 images) | 1556, 13th cent. original |
| Peirce, Benjamin | Linear Associative Algebra (5 images) | 1882 |
| Peirce, Benjamin (editor) | Cambridge Miscellany of Mathematics (1 image) | April 1842 |
| Peirce, Benjamin Osgood | Mathematical and Physical Papers (4 images) | 1926 |
| Peletier, Jacques | l'Algebre (3 images) | 1554 |
| Pell, John | Controversy with Longomontanus concerning the Quadrature of the Circle (3 images) | 1647 |
| Pellos, Francisco | Compendio de lo abaco (1 image) | 1492 |
| Pencz, Georg | Engraving of Arithmetica (1 image) | 16th century |
| Penther, Johann Fredrick | Praxis geometriae (2 images) | 1752 (1732 original) |
| Perez de Moya, Juan | Arismetica pratica (2 images) | 1609 (1562 original) |
| Perez de Moya, Juan | Tratado de mathematicas (2 images) | 1573 |
| Perkins, Peter | The Seaman’s Tutor (5 images) | 1682 |
| Petri, Nicholaus | Reckoning and Cypher Book (15 images) | 1635 (1st. ed. 1583) |
| Petrus Cracoviensis | Computus novus ecclesiasticus (2 images) | 1515 (1505 original) |
| Peuerbach, Georg von | Epitome of Ptolemy's Almagest (4 images; see also these 5 images) | 1496 |
| Peuerbach, Georg von | Opus algorithmi (2 images) | 1503 |
| Peuerbach, Georg von | Arithmetices elementa (1 image) | 1544 |
| Peuerbach, Georg von | Novae Theoricae Planetarum (4 images) | ca. 16th century |
| Peverone, Giovanni Francesco | Arithmetic and Geometry (22 images) | 1558, 1581 |
| Pfinzing, Paul | Methodvs Geometrica (7 images) | 1598 |
| Picart, Bernard | Engraving representing geometry and military science (1 image) | 1729 |
| Piero della Francesca | Works of Archimedes (11 images) | late 1450s |
| Pike, Nicolas | Arithmetic (4 images) | 1788 |
| Pitiscus, Bartholomew | Trigonometria (2 images) | 1600 |
| Playfair, John | Prospectus of a Course of Lectures on Some of the Practical Parts of the Mathematics (1 image) | 1793 |
| Playfair, John | Elements of Geometry (4 images) | 1832 (1795 original) |
| Playfair, John | On the Progress of Mathematical and Physical Science Since the Revival of Letters in Europe (3 images) | 1820 (1816–1820 original) |
| Plücker, Julius | System der analytischen Geometrie (2 images) | 1835 |
| Plücker, Julius | Theorie der algebraischen Curven (3 images) | 1839 |
| Poincaré, Henri | Notes on Lectures of Poincaré (3 images) | 1881-1883 |
| Poincaré, Henri | Théorie des Groupes Fuchsiens in first issue of Acta Mathematica (8 images) | 1882 |
| Poincaré, Henri | Science and Hypothesis (5 images) | 1902/1905 |
| Poincaré, Henri | Calcul des Probabilités (2 images) | 1912 (1907 original) |
| Poisson, Siméon-Denis | Nouvelle théorie de l'action capillaire (2 images) | 1831 |
| Poisson, Siméon-Denis | Traité de mécanique (3 images) | 1833 (1811 original) |
| Poisson, Siméon-Denis | Théorie mathématique de la chaleur (2 images) | 1835 |
| Poncelet, Jean Victor | Propriétés Projectives des Figures (Projective Geometry, 3 images) | 1822/1865 |
| Potts, Robert | Euclid's Elements of Geometry (5 images) | 1871 (1845 original) |
| Pourchot, Edmund | Elementa Geometria (3 images) | 1692 |
| Prestet, Jean | Elemens de mathematiques (2 images) | 1675 |
| Prestet, Jean | Nouveaux elemens de mathematiques (5 images) | 1694 |
| Ptolemy, Claudius | Epitome of Ptolemy's Almagest (4 images; see also these 5 images) | 1496 |
| Ptolemy, Claudius | Almagest (3 images) | 1515 (2nd century original) |
| Ptolemey, Claudius | Ptolemaei mathematicae (Almagest in Greek/Latin, 3 images) | 1549 |
| Ptolemy, Claudius | In Ptolemaei magnam compositionem (Almagest, 6 images) | 1550 |
| Puckle, George Hale | An Elementary Treatise on Conic Sections and Algebraic Geometry (8 images) | 1854 |
| Puiseux, Victor | Mathematical Papers (3 images) | 1842 |
| Qāḍī Zāda Mūsá ibn Muḥammad (also known as al-Rūmī) | Sharḥ ashkāl al-taʾsīs (Commentary on the Fundamental Theorems, 1 image) | 16th century copy of ca 1412–13 original |
| Qāḍī Zāda Mūsá ibn Muḥammad (also known as al-Rūmī) | Sharḥ ashkāl al-taʾsīs (Commentary on the Fundamental Theorems, 3 images) | ca 1413–1611 copy of ca 1412–13 original |
| Qāḍī Zāda Mūsá ibn Muḥammad (also known as al-Rūmī) | Sharḥ ashkāl al-taʾsīs (Commentary on the Forms of Foundation, 3 images) | 1714–15 copy of ca 1412–13 original |
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| Ramanujan, Srinivasa | Notebooks (6 images) | 1910s |
| Ramchundra | A Treatise on Problems of Maxima and Minima Solved by Algebra (4 images) | 1850 |
| Ramsden, Jesse | Sector from Ramsden's Workshop (1 image) | 1765-1800 |
| Ramus, Peter | Scholarum mathematicarum (Branches of Mathematics, 8 images) | 1559 |
| Ramus, Peter | Arithmeticae libri duo: Geometriae septem et viginti (6 images) | 1580 |
| Ramus, Peter | Arithmetices (3 images) | 1586 |
| Ramus, Peter | The Way to Geometry (2 images) | 1636 |
| Raṅgācārya, M. (translator) | The Ganita-sāra-sangraha of Mahāvīrācārya (4 images) | 1912 (9th-century original) |
| Raphson, Joseph | Raphson's Root Approximation (Analysis equationum universalis) (2 images) | 1702 (1690 original) |
| Ratdolt, Erhardus | Euclid's Elements (10 images) | 1482 |
| Rathborne, Aaron | Surveyor in Foure Bookes (3 images) | 1616 |
| Recorde, Robert | Pathway to Knowledge (1 image) | 1551 |
| Recorde, Robert | Castle of Knowledge (2 images) | 1556 |
| Recorde, Robert | Grounde of Artes (4 images) | 1543 |
| Recorde, Robert | Whetstone of Witte (6 images) | 1557 |
| Redheffer, Raymond, author | Men of Modern Mathematics timeline poster, published by IBM (2 images) | 1966 |
| Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller) | On Triangles (2 images) | 1533 |
| Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller) | Kalendarium (2 images) | 1489 (1474 original) |
| Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller) | Epitome of Ptolemy's Almagest (4 images; see also these 5 images) | 1496 |
| Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller) | Opus algorithmi (2 images) | 1503 |
| Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller) | In Ptolemaei magnam compositionem (Ptolemy’s Almagest, 6 images) | 1550 |
| Reimers, Nicolaus | Algebra (Arithmetica Analytica, 5 images) | 1601 |
| Reinhold, Erasmus | Ptolemaei mathematicae (Almagest in Greek/Latin, 3 images) | 1549 |
| Reisch, Gregor | Margarita philosophica (6 images) | 1503 |
| Reisch, Gregor | Margarita Philosophica (14 images) | 1517 (1503 original) |
| Renaldini (or Rinaldini), Carol (or Carlo) | Opus mathematicum (1 image) | 1655 |
| Rhodius, Ambrosius (lecturer) | Enchiridion mathematicum continens elementa mathesos (student notes) (9 images) | 1629 |
| Ricci, Matteo | Kunyu wanguo quantu (1 image) | 1602 |
| Ricci, Matteo, and Li Zhizao | Yuan rong jiao yi (Treatise on Geometry, 3 images) | 1847 (1608 original) |
| Ricci, Matteo, and Xu Guanqi | Ce liang fa yi (Theory of Surveying, 1 image) | ca 1610 |
| Ricci, Michelangelo | Exercitatio Geometrice de Maximis & Minimis (4 images) | 1668 |
| Riccioli, Giovanni Battista | Almagestum Novum (2 images) | 1651 |
| Richard, Claude | Apollonii Conicorum libri IV. Cum commentariis R. P. Claudii Richardi (1 image) | 1655 |
| Riemann, Bernhard | Inaugural Address at Göttingen (1 image) | 1854/1867 |
| Riemann, Bernhard | Partielle Differentialgleichungen (2 images) | 1869 |
| Riemann, Bernhard | Gesammelte Mathematische Werke (4 images) | 1876 |
| Riemann, Bernhard | Oeuvres mathématiques (3 images) | 1898 |
| Ries, Markus Christian | Praxis Geometriae (4 images) | 1700 |
| Riese, Adam | Rechenbuch (7 images) | 1550 |
| Rinaldini (or Renaldini), Carlo (or Carol) | Opus mathematicum (1 image) | 1655 |
| Ritty, James and John | Ritty cash register (1 image) | by 1904 |
| Robertson, William H. | “Consul,” the Educated Monkey (3 images) | 1915 |
| de Roberval, Gilles Personne | Divers Ouvrages (5 images) | 1693 |
| Robins, Benjamin | The True Principles of Gunnery (1 image) | 1777 (1742 original) |
| Rocha, Antich | Arithmetica (2 images) | 1565 |
| Rogers, Bruce | Elements of Geometry Book I (2 images) | 1944 |
| Roppelt, Johann Baptist | Geometria theoretica et practica (11 images) | 1772 |
| Roppelt, Johann Baptist | Praktische Abhandlung Von Den Granz-Zeichen Sammt Einer Geometrischen Unterweisung (4 images) | 1775 |
| Roppelt, Johann Baptist | Introdvctio in mathesin qvarvmcvnqve scientiarvm cvltoribvs accommodata ad eivs qvoqve stvdium incitatoria (4 images) | 1777 |
| Rose, John | United States Arithmetician (5th ed., 4 images) | 1832 |
| Rosenzweig, Johann Friedrich | Rechenbuch (3 images) | 1721 |
| Rossetti, Donato | Figure de Sistemi del Mondo d’Aristotile Copernico e Ticone (8 images) | 1680 |
| Rubik's Cube Museum | Promotional Pen (1 image) | 1988–1991 |
| Rudolff, Christoff | Die Coss (10 images) | 1553 (1525 original) |
| Ruffini, Paolo | Theory of Equations (3 images) | 1799 |
| Ruffini, Paolo | Riflessioni intorno alla soluzione delle equazioni algebraiche (2 images) | 1813 |
| Russell, Bertrand and A. N. Whitehead | Principia Mathematica (6 images) | 1910–1913/1925 |
| Ryff, Peter | Questiones Geometricae (3 images) | 1621 |
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| Sabeus, Bernard | Italian astrolabe | 1558 |
| Saccheri, Girolamo | Euclides ab omni naevo vindicatus (5 images) | 1733 |
| Sacrobosco, Johannes de | De sphaera mundi (manuscript, 4 images) | ca 1256–1270 |
| Sacrobosco, Johannes de | Algorismus (2 images) | 13th century |
| Sacrobosco, Johannes de | De sphaera mundi (Astronomy, 3 images) | 1482 (13th-cent. original) |
| Sacrobosco, Johannes de | Algorismus (Arithmetic, 2 images; see also this 1 image of another 15th-century manuscript) | 1490 (13th-cent. original) |
| Sadeler, Raphael | Engraving of Minerva giving instructions in geometry (1 image) | 1591 |
| Safe-T | Blackboard triangles | 2000 |
| Salmon, George | Treatise on Conic Sections (3 images) | 1869 (1848 original) |
| Salmon, George | Lessons Introductory to the Modern Higher Algebra (8 images) | 1876 (1859 original) |
| Salmon, George | Treatise on Higher Plane Curves (10 images) | 1879 (1852 original) |
| Salmon, George | Treatise on the Analytic Geometry of Three Dimensions (5th ed., revised by Reginald Rogers, 3 images) | 1912 (1st ed. 1862) |
| Santcliment, Francesc | Suma de la art de arismetica (8 images) | 1482 |
| Sarfati, Joseph ben Moses | Sephardic arithmetic (3 images) | 15th century |
| Sault, Richard | New Treatise of Algebra (5 images) | 1694 |
| Saunderson, Nicholaus | Elements of Algebra (6 images) | 1740 |
| Savonne, Pierre de | L'Arithmetique (3 images; see also these 8 images from a 1630 edition) | 1571 |
| Saxton, John | The Merchant's Companion (2 images) | 1737 |
| Scarburgh, Edmund | The English Euclide (8 images) | 1705 |
| Scheiner, Christoph | Pantographice, seu ars delineandi (2 images) | 1631 |
| Schessler, Christian | Demonstrationes mathematicae (9 images) | 1698 |
| Scheubel, Johann | De numeris (2 images) | 1545 |
| Scheubel, Johann | Algebrae Compendiosa (22 images) | 1551 |
| Schilling, Martin | Hypotrochoid kinematic model | ca 1900 |
| Schlegel, Victor | Grassman’s Extension Theory (Ausdehnungslehre) | 1872 |
| Schöner, Johannes | Algorithmus demonstratus (3 images; see also these 3 images) | 1534 |
| Schöner, Johannes | Opera Mathematica (2 images) | 1561 |
| Schott, Gaspar | Magia universalis naturae et artis, Vol. 1 (2 images) | 1657 |
| Schreiber, Heinrich (Henricus Grammateus) | Ayn new Kunstlich Buech (A New Skill Book, 3 images) | 1518 |
| Schultes, Hans | Jetons for counting boards (3 images) | ca 1490 - 1635 |
| Schut, Cornelis | Engravings of Arithmetic and Geometry (2 images) | 17th century |
| Schwarz, Hermann C. | Versuch einer Philosophie der Mathematik (3 images) | 1853 |
| Schwenter, Daniel | Delicia Physico-Mathematicae (in German, 9 images) | 1636, 1651 |
| Schwenter, Daniel | Geometriae practicae (6 images) | 1641 |
| Scott, Charlotte Angas | An Introductory Account of Certain Modern Ideas and Methods in Plane Analytical Geometry (6 images) | 1894 |
| Seki Takakazu (or Kowa) | Kigenkai (3 images) | 17th - 18th century |
| Seki Takakazu (or Kowa) | Kaifuku dai no ho (1 image) | 17th - 18th century |
| Seki Kowa (or Takakazu) | Essentials of Mathematics (2 images) | 1712 |
| Sellers, John | A Pocket Book ... of Mathematical Tables (4 images) | 1677 |
| Sems, Johannes | Practijck des Landmetens (2 images) | 1620 |
| Sénebier, Pierre | Traite d’Arithmetique (2 images) | 1774 |
| Serjant, Mary | Copybook (2 images) | 1688 |
| Sfortunati, Giovanni | Nuovo lume / Libro di arithmetica (1 image) | 1534 |
| Shakers of West Gloucester (later Sabbathday), Maine | Metric volume measures (1 image) | 1877–1900 |
| Shimizu Sadanori | Kiku yoho kuden shiroku (3 images) | 18th century |
| Silicaeus, Joannes Blasius Martinus (Martinez) | Liber arithmetice practice (3 images) | 1513 |
| Siliceo, Juan Martinez | Ars arithmetica (1 image) | 1514 |
| Simpson, Thomas | Miscellaneous Tracts (4 images) | 1757 |
| Simpson, Thomas | Doctrine of Annuities and Reversions (3 images) | 1775 (1742 original) |
| Simpson, Thomas | Doctrine and Application of Fluxions (3 images) | 1805 (1750 original) |
| Simpson, Thomas | A Treatise of Algebra (5 images) | 1826 (1745 original) |
| Simson, Robert | Sectionum Conicarum (5 images) | 1735 |
| Simson, Robert | The Elements of Euclid (7 images; see also these 7 images from an 1834 reprint) | 1756 |
| Simson, Robert | Opera Quaedam Reliqua (5 images) | 1776 |
| Simson, Robert | Robert Simson's Conic Sections (4 images) | 1804 (ca 1775 original) |
| Skinner, Burrhus Frederick | Arithmetic Teaching Machine (1 image) | 1954 |
| Smith, David Eugene | Rara Arithmetica (2 images) | 1908 |
| Smith, David Eugene, and Louis Charles Karpinski | The Hindu-Arabic Numerals (6 images) | 1911 |
| Smith, David Eugene (editor) | Budget of Paradoxes (by Augustus De Morgan, 9 images) | 1915 |
| Smith, David Eugene | History of Mathematics (6 images) | 1923 and 1925 |
| Snyder, Virgil, and John Irwin Hutchinson | Differential and Integral Calculus (7 images) | 1902 |
| Somerville, Mary | Celestial Mechanics (in English, 2 images) | 1831 |
| Spänlin, Gallus | Arithmetica (4 images) | 1546 |
| Speidell, Euclid | Logarithmotechnia, or, The making of numbers called logarithms to twenty five places from a geometrical figure (1 image) | 1688 |
| Speidell, John | Geometry Manuscript (3 images) | 1648 |
| Steiner, Jakob | Synthetische Geometrie (2 images) | 1876 (1867 original) |
| Stevin, Simon | L’Arithmetique (3 images) | 1585 |
| Stevin, Simon | De Beghinselen Der Weeghconst (3 images) | 1586 |
| Stevin, Simon | Disme, The Art of Tenths (5 images) | 1608 (1585 original) |
| Stevin, Simon | Castrametatio Avraico-Nassovica (2 images) | 1631 |
| Stevin, Simon | Oeuvres Mathematiques (5 images) | 1634 |
| Stewart, John | early text based on Newton's calculus (7 images) | 1745 |
| Stifel, Michael | Arithmetica Integra (5 images) | 1544 |
| Stifel, Michael | Deutsche Arithmetica (4 images) | 1545 |
| Stoffler, Johannes | Art of Measurement (4 images) | 1536 |
| Stoeffler, Johann | Elucidatio fabricae vsusque astrolabii (3 images) | 1524 (1513 original) |
| Stone, Edmund | Construction and Use of the Sector (2 images) | 1729 |
| Story, William | American Journal of Mathematics (6 images) | 1878 |
| Sturm, Charles | Cours d’Analyse de l’École Polytechnique, Vol. I (7 images) | 1877 (1857 original) |
| Sturm, Johann Christoph | Mathesis Enucleata (Elements of Mathematics, 3 images) | 1695 |
| Sturmy, Samuel | Mariner's Magazine (2 images) | 1669 |
| Swineshead, Richard | Opus aureum calculationum (1 image) | 1477 (ca 1350 original) |
| Sylvester, James Joseph | Letter to Leopold Kronecker (2 images) | 1884 |
| Sylvester, James Joseph | American Journal of Mathematics (6 images) | 1878 |
| Sylvester, James Joseph | Collected Mathematical Papers, Vol. I (7 images) | 1904 |
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| Tacquet, Andre | Cylindrica et annularia (4 images) | 1651 |
| Tacquet, Andrea (Andrew) | Tacquet's Euclid and Archimedes (5 images; see also these 2 images and these 4 images) | 1654/1747/1753 |
| Tacquet, Andrea | Practical and Theoretical Arithmetic (2 images) | 1704 (1656 original) |
| Tagliente, Girolamo | Commercial Arithmetic (5 images) | 1525 |
| Tagliente, Giovanni and Girolamo | Libro d'abaco (7 images) | 1535 (1515 original) |
| Tait, Peter Guthrie | Elementary Treatise on Quaternions (4 images) | 1867 |
| Takebe Katahiro | Shinpen sangaku keimo (3 images) | 1690 |
| Tanner, Robert | A Mirror for Mathematiques (3 images) | 1587 |
| Tannery, Paul, and Charles Henry | Oeuvres de Fermat, Vol. I (3 images) | 1891 |
| Tartaglia, Niccolò | Nova Scientia (4 images) | 1537 |
| Tartaglia, Niccolò | Euclid (5 images) | 1543 |
| Tartaglia, Niccolò | Treatise on Number & Measure (2 images) | 1556 |
| Tartaglia, Niccolò | L’Arithmetique (3 images) | 1578 (1556 original) |
| Tartaglia, Niccolò | Tutte l'opere d'arithmetica (3 images) | 1592 |
| Taylor, John | Thesaurium mathematicae, or Treasury of Mathematics (3 images; see also these 8 images) | 1687 |
| de Texeda, Gaspar | Commercial Arithmetic (3 images) | 1546 |
| Theodosius (of Bithynia, formerly known as Theodosius of Tripoli) | Les Trois Livres des Elemens Spheriques de Theodose Tripolitain (French translation of Latin Sphaerics, 4 images) | 1615 |
| Thibault, Gérard | Académie de l'Espée (5 images) | 1628 |
| Thomas, Charles | Thomas Arithmometer (1 image) | 1867 |
| Thomson, James B. | A Key to the Abridgment of Day’s Algebra (1 image) | 1844 |
| Tizzard, Samuel | New Athenian Oracle, or Ladies' Companion (3 images) | 1806 |
| Todd, John | American Tutor's Assistant (2nd ed., 3 images) | 1794 (1st ed. 1791) |
| Todhunter, Isaac | A History of the Progress of the Calculus of Variations During the Nineteenth Century (5 images) | 1861 |
| Todhunter, Isaac | Calculus (5th ed., 7 images) | 1871 |
| Todhunter, Isaac | The Elements of Euclid (12 images) | 1872 (1862 original) |
| Todhunter, Isaac | Elementary Treatise on Laplace’s Functions, Lame’s Functions and Bessel’s Functions (6 images) | 1875 |
| Todhunter, Isaac | Algebra for Beginners (6 images) | 1876 (1858 original) |
| Todhunter, Isaac | Examples of Analytical Geometry of Three Dimensions (6 images) | 1878 (1858 original) |
| Todhunter, Isaac | An Elementary Treatise on the Theory of Equations (4 images) | 1888 |
| Todhunter, Isaac | A Treatise on the Integral Calculus (5 images) | 1889 (1878 original) |
| Tomlinson, N.R. (student) Royal Naval College |
Copy book of A Course of Mathematical Learning Taught in the Royal Academy, Portsmouth (5 images) | 1806 |
| Torricelli, Evangelista | Opera geometrica (4 images; see also these 4 images) | 1644 |
| Torricelli, Evangelista | Letter from Torricelli to Mersenne (1 image) | 1645 |
| Torricelli, Evangelista | Academic Lectures (2 images; see also these 2 images and these 2 images) | 1715 (delivered 1642–1647) |
| Trenchant, Jean | L'Arithmetique (7 images) | 1602 (1557 original) |
| Trevelyon, Thomas | Trevelyon Miscellany (5 images) | 1608 |
| Troili, Giulio | Paradossi per pratticare la Prespettiua (13 images) | 1683 (1672 original) |
| Troncet, Louis | Troncet Arithmographe (1 image) | 1889/1895 |
| Tunstall, Cuthbert | De arte supputandi (3 images) | 1529 (1522 original) |
| Ulysbonensis, Rolandus | Compendium artis arismetice (3 images) | ca 1424 |
| Vallée, Alexandre, engraver | Muses of arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy (3 images) | ca 1600 |
| van Ceulen, Ludolph | Vanden Circkel (4 images) | 1596 |
| van Ceulen, Ludolph | De circulo et adscriptis liber (3 images; see also these 8 images) | 1619 |
| van Ceulen, Ludolph | Surdorum quadraticorum arithmetica (4 images; see also these 2 images) | 1619 |
| van Etten, Henry (Hendrik) | Mathematicall Recreations (3rd English ed., 2 images) | 1674 (original English ed. 1633, French original 1624) |
| van Heuraet, Hendrick | Rectification of Curves (3 images) | 1659 |
| van Schooten, Frans | Tabulae sinuum (1 image) | 1632 (1627 original) |
| van Schooten, Frans | De organica conicarum sectionum (3 images) | 1646 |
| van Schooten, Frans | Exercitationes mathematicae (7 images; see also these 4 images) | 1657 |
| van Schooten, Frans | Geometria a Renato des Cartes (3 images) | 1659 |
| Varignon, Pierre | Élémens de Mathématiques (7 images) | 1731 |
| Veblen, Oswald | Analysis Situs (6 images) | 1922 |
| Vecelli, Francesco | Problemi di geometria practica (7 images) | 1767 |
| Vega, Georg | Tables of Logarithms, Trigonometric Values (1 image) | 1783 |
| Vega, Georg | Lectures on Mathematics (4 images from 2nd of 4 vols.; see also these 4 images from 3rd and 4th vols.) | 1784-1819 |
| Venable, Charles S. | Arithmetic, Pure and Commercial (1 image) | 1868 |
| Venable, Charles S. | An Elementary Algebra (1 image) | 1869 |
| Venturini, Antonio | Libro di conti di me (8 images) | 1686 |
| Viète, François | Supplementum Geometriae (4 images) | 1593 |
| Viète, François | Opera Mathematica (8 images; see also these 3 images) | 1646 (original 1641) |
| de Ville Dei, Alexandre | Carmen de Algorism (3 images) | ca 1240 |
| da Vinci, Leonardo | Sketches for Luca Pacioli's De divina proportione (15 images) | 1509 |
| Vinkeles, Reinier | The Mathematics Lesson (pen and ink drawing, 1 image) | 1776 |
| Viviani, Vincenzo | manuscript notes on his studies with Galileo (4 images) | 17th century |
| Viviani, Vincenzo | De Maximis et Minimis (2 images) | 1659 |
| Viviani, Vincenzo | Formazione e misvra di tutti i cieli (2 images) | 1692 |
| Viviani, Vincenzo | De Locis Solidis and portrait of Galileo (1 image) | 1701 |
| Vlacq, Adriaan | Arithmetique Logarithmetique (3 images) | 1628 |
| Vlacq, Adriaan | Tabellen der Sinuum, Tangentium, und Secantium (2 images) | 1663 (1636 original) |
| Vögelin, Johann | Elementale geometricum (3 images) | 1550 |
| Voltaire | Élémens de la philosophie de Neuton (7 images) | 1738 |
| Volterra, Vito | Theory of Functionals (2 images) | 1930 |
| von Humboldt, Alexander | Codex Mexicanus of the Maya (1 image) | 1814 (12th cent. original) |
| von Langsdorf, Karl Christian | Explanations of Kästner’s Analysis of Finite Quantities (2 images) | 1776–1777 |
| Vossius, Gerardus | Scientiis Mathematicis (3 images) | 1650 |
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| Wagner, Ulrich (attributed) | Arithmetic Block Book (2 images) | 1471–1482 |
| Wagner, Ulrich | Das Bamberger Rechenbuch (1 image) | 1482 |
| Wallis, John |
De Sectionibus Conicis and Arithmetica Infinitorum (8 images) |
1655, 1656 |
| Wallis, John | Operum Mathematicorum Pars Prima (3 images) | 1657 |
| Wallis, John | Archimedes in Greek and Latin (2 images) | 1676 |
| Wallis, John | Treatise of Algebra (4 images; see also these 4 images) | 1685 |
| Wallis, John | Opera mathematica (6 images; see also these 6 images) | 1695 (1693-1699) |
| Walrond, Henry | Arithmetical Tables (8 images) | 1663 |
| Walsh, Michael | Mercantile Arithmetic: Adapted to the U.S. (7 images) | 1804/1807 |
| Wang, An | Wang desktop programmable calculator (1 image) | ca 1965 |
| Ward, John | Compendium of Algebra (3 images) | 1724 |
| Ward, John | Young Mathematician's Guide (2 images) | 1734 (1703 original) |
| Waring, Edward | Proprietates algebraicarum curvarum (8 images) | 1772 |
| Waring, Edward | Meditationes Analyticae (3 images) | 1785 (1773 original) |
| Waring, William | American Tutor's Assistant (2nd ed., 3 images) | 1794 (1st ed. 1791) |
| Waymouth, George | Jewell of Artes (3 images) | 1604 |
| Webber, Samuel | Mathematics for Harvard Students (3 images) | 1808 (1801 original) |
| Weber, Heinrich | Elliptische Functionen und Algebraische Zahlen (6 images) | 1891 |
| Weber, Heinrich | Lehrbuch der Algebra (8 images) | 1895 |
| Webster, William | A compendious course of practical mathematicks (1 image) | 1730 |
| Weierstrass, Karl | Notes on Lectures of Weierstrass (3 images) | 1879 |
| Weierstrass, Karl | Lecture notes on elliptic functions (4 images) | 1879-1881 |
| Weierstrass, Karl | Notes on Elliptic Function lectures (8 images) | 1887 |
| Weigel, Erhard | Philosophia Mathematica (2 images) | 1693 |
| Weyl, Hermann | Die Idee der Riemannschen Fläche (3 images) | 1913 |
| Weyl, Hermann | Das Kontinuum (2 images) | 1918 |
| Weyl, Hermann | Raum. Zeit. Materie. (3 images) | 1919 |
| Wheeler, A. Harry | Geometric model from paper (1 image) | 1915 |
| Wheeler, A. Harry | Transformable plane dissection (1 image) | 1931 |
| Wheeler, A. Harry | Dissected rhombic dodecahedron (2 images) | 1930s |
| Wheeler, A. Harry | Model of spherical triangle influenced by World War II (1 image) | 1945 |
| White, Richard |
Hemisphaerium dissectum opus geometricum (5 images) |
1648 |
| Whitehead, Alfred North | Introduction to Mathematics (3 images) | 1911 |
| Whitehead, Alfred North, and Bertrand Russell | Principia Mathematica (6 images) | 1910-1913/1925 |
| Whitworth, William | Choice and Chance (4 images) | 1870 (1st ed. 1867) |
| Widman, Johannes | Behend und hüpsch Rechnung uff [auf] allen Kauffmanschafften (5 images) | 1508 (1489 original) |
| Wilson, Edwin B. | Gibbs' Vector Analysis (5 images) | 1901 |
| Wilson, James | Solid Geometry and Conic Sections (6 images) | 1908 (1872 original) |
| Wingate, Edmund | Arithmetique Made Easie (1 image) | 1652 (1630 original) |
| Wingate, Edmund | Construction and Use of Logarithmicall Tables, 3rd ed. (1 image) | 1648 |
| Winthrop, William | U.S. College Mathematics (copybooks, 6 images) | 1769–1774 |
| Wischmeyer, Carl W. | Descriptive Geometry (3 images) | 1918 (1893 original) |
| Witt, Jan de | Elements of Linear Curves (5 images) | 1683 |
| Woepcke, Franz | History of Indian Cyphers (3 images) | 1863 |
| Wolff, Christian | Foundations of All Mathematical Knowledge (6 images) | 1710/1772 |
| Wolff, Christian | Trigonometrie (1 image) | 1711 |
| Wolff, Christian | Mathematical Lexicon (3 images) | 1716 |
| Wolff, Christian | Treatise of Algebra (5 images) | 1739/1765 |
| Wood, Benjamin | IBM statistical tabulator (1 image) | 1929 |
| Wood, Matthew | Copybook (2 images) | 1699 |
| Wright, Edward | Certaine Errors in Navigation (2 images) | 1610 (1599 original) |
| Wylie, Alexander, and Li Shanlan | A New Mathematics Curriculum for China (10 images) | 1853/1859 |
| Wylie, Alexander, and Li Shanlan | Euclid's Elements for China (3 images) | 1865 |
| Xu Guanqi and Matteo Ricci | Ce liang fa yi (Theory of Surveying, 1 image) | ca 1610 |
| Yang Tingyun and Giulio Aleni | Zhifang Waiji (1 image) | 1623 |
| Yoshida Mitsuyoshi | Shinpen jinkoki (3 images) | 1689 (1627 original) |
| Yoshida Mitsuyoshi | Shinpen jinkoki (6 images) | 18th cent. or later (1627 original) |
| Zamberti, Bartolomeo | Euclidis Megarensis mathematici clarissimi elementorum geometricorum libri XV … (10 images) | 1558 (from Zamberti's 1505 original) |
| Zamerano, Rodrigo | Los seis libros primeros dela geometria de Euclides (2 images) | 1576 |
| Zeuthen, Hieronymous Georg | History of Mathematics in Antiquity and Middle Ages (3 images) | 1896 (1893 original) |
| Zhu Shijie | Xin bian suan xue qi meng (New Arithmetic Enlightenment, 2 images) |
1839 (1299 original) |
| Zhu Shijie | Xin bian suan xue qi meng (New Arithmetic Enlightenment, 3 images) | 1660 (1299 original) |
| Zhu Shijie | Shinpen sangaku keimo (Suan xue qi meng, 3 images) | 1690 (1299 original) |
| Zhu Shijie | Siyuan yujian (Precious [or Jade] Mirror of the Four Elements, 1 image) | 19th cent. (1303 original) |
| Ziegenbalg, Ernest Gotlieb | Euclidis elementa geometriæ, det er, Første Grund til Geometrien, i det danske Sprog oversat (Euclid’s Elements of Geometry, That is, the Foundation of Geometry, Translated into the Danish Language, 5 images) | 1744 |
| Zubler, Leonhard | Nova Instrumentum Geometricum (5 images) | 1607 |
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Acknowledgments
Most of the images in this collection of "mathematical treasures" were obtained for Convergence and the MAA by Convergence's "chief treasure hunter" and co-founding editor, Frank Swetz, of The Pennsylvania State University. We are grateful to him; to the National Science Foundation for partial funding of the project via grants to MAA; to the History of Mathematics Special Interest Group of the MAA (HOM SIGMAA) for partial funding of the project; and to the librarians, museum curators, and individuals who allowed us to publish images of their treasures here and now allow you to use them in your classroom. Contributing libraries, museums, and individuals include:
-
Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Turin, Italy
- American Statistical Association
- Amir Aczel and Debra Aczel (Khmer zero)
- Libraries of Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
- Asher Rare Books, The Netherlands
- National Library of Australia, Canberra
- Charles Babbage Institute, Erwin Tomash Library on the History of Computing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Bamberg State Library, Bamberg, Germany
- Bayerische StaatsBibliothek (BSB) Digital / Münchener DigitalisierungsZentrum (MDZ) Digitale Bibliothek, Munich, Germany
- Biodiversity Heritage Library
- Jon Bodsworth, Egypt Archive (Tomb of Menna)
- University of Bordeaux Library, France
- Burns Manuscript and Archival Collection, Libraries of Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
- Boston Public Library, Massachusetts
- British Library, London, England
- John Carter Brown Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- University of California Libraries and California Digital Library
- David Eugene Smith Collection and George Arthur Plimpton Collection, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Butler Library, Columbia University Libraries, New York, New York
- Dartmouth College Libraries, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Dibner Library of Science and Technology, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington, D.C.
- Digital Public Library of America, Boston, Massachusetts
- Digital Scriptorium, University of California, Berkeley (formerly, Columbia University, New York, New York)
- Archives and Special Collections, Waidner-Spahr Library, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
- Eighteenth Century Collections Online, Gale Cengage Learning
- e-rara, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, better known as ETH Zürich)
- European Library of Information and Culture (BEIC), Milan, Italy
- Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, D.C.
- National Library of France (Gallica), Paris, France
- Franklin & Marshall College Library, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
- Jöran Friberg, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg/Gothenburg, Sweden (Mesopotamian scribal exercises)
- Museo Galileo – Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Florence, Italy
- Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- HathiTrust Digital Library
- Hispanic Society of America Museum and Library, New York, New York
- Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington
- Internet Archive, San Francisco, California
- Peabody Library, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Kerala Institute of Mathematics, India
- Sid J. Kolpas, Delaware County Community College, Media, Pennsylvania
- Special Collections, Linderman Library, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
- Linda Hall Library of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Kansas City, Missouri
- Manhattan Rare Book Company, New York
- Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Massachusetts
- University of Michigan Libraries, Ann Arbor
- Milestones of Science Books, Ritterhude, Germany
- Rousseau Collection, Millersville University Library, Pennsylvania
- Erwin Tomash Library on the History of Computing, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- National Central Library of Rome, Italy
- National Central Library, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Diet Library, Tokyo, Japan
- National Library of Florence, Italy
- Treasures of the Library, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Library
- New York Public Library, New York
- History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries, Norman
- University of Otago Library, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Oughtred Society, Tom Wyman Collection (slide rules and other calculating instruments)
- Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, England (Bakhshali Manuscript)
- Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania Library, Philadelphia
- Rare Books and Manuscripts, Special Collections Library, Pennsylvania State University Libraries, University Park
- Rare Collections Library, State Library of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg
- Max Planck Institute for the History of Mathematics Library, Berlin, Germany
- Fundo Antigo da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Riccardiana Library of Florence / Biblioteca Riccardiana Firenze (Piero della Francesca's Archimedes)
- Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Ishango Bone)
- Denise Schmandt-Besserat, University of Texas, Austin (Mesopotamian accounting tokens)
- Schøyen Collection, London and Oslo (Sumerian tablets)
- Science Museum, London
- National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
- Frank J. Swetz, Pennsylvania State University
- University of Toronto Libraries, Ontario, Canada
- UK Detector Finds Database, United Kingdom
- United States Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
- J. Willard Marriott Digital Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Jan van Maanen, University of Utrecht, Netherlands (van Schooten's De Organica)
- Wellcome Library, Wellcome Collection, London, United Kingdom
- Wellesley College Library, Massachusetts
- Wikimedia Commons
- Wolfenbüttel Digital Library of the Herzog August Library, Germany
- World Digital Library (U.S. Library of Congress and UNESCO)
- Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Babylonian Collection, Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Yale University
"Index to Mathematical Treasures," Convergence (May 2020)
